向BaCl2溶液中滴加H2SO4溶液,直到沉淀完全為止.其結(jié)果是生成溶液的質(zhì)量恰好等于原BaCl2溶液的質(zhì)量,則滴入的硫酸溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為________.
42.1%
分析:生成溶液的質(zhì)量=氯化鋇溶液的質(zhì)量+硫酸溶液的質(zhì)量-硫酸鋇的質(zhì)量,根據(jù)題意:生成溶液的質(zhì)量恰好等于原BaCl
2溶液的質(zhì)量,由此可知:硫酸溶液的質(zhì)量=硫酸鋇的質(zhì)量;依據(jù)硫酸與氯化鋇反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式,假設(shè)原硫酸溶液的質(zhì)量,由反應(yīng)中硫酸與硫酸鋇的質(zhì)量關(guān)系,求出硫酸溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量,再由溶液中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)計算式求出硫酸溶液中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù).
解答:硫酸溶液的質(zhì)量=硫酸鋇的質(zhì)量,設(shè)硫酸鋇的質(zhì)量為233g,則硫酸溶液的質(zhì)量為233g,再設(shè)硫酸溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量是x
BaCl
2+H
2SO
4═BaSO
4↓+2HCl
98 233
x 233g
=
x=98g
所以滴入的硫酸溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)是
×100%=42.1%.
答:滴入的硫酸溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)是42.1%.
點評:解答無數(shù)據(jù)計算題時,可以根據(jù)題意先分析所發(fā)生的化學(xué)反應(yīng),再找出物質(zhì)間的質(zhì)量關(guān)系,大膽假設(shè),假設(shè)物質(zhì)的質(zhì)量時,與物質(zhì)的相對分子質(zhì)量相同可以將計算簡化,解答起來更容易.