218.3g 37% 40
分析:溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量=溶液質(zhì)量×溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù),先根據(jù)體積×密度算出鹽酸溶液質(zhì)量,再根據(jù)公式算出溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量;溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)在標(biāo)簽上寫著;由于濃溶液配稀溶液溶質(zhì)不變,先根據(jù)100.0g溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為14.8%的稀鹽酸算出溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量,再利用溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量除以37%,就能算出結(jié)果.
解答:濃鹽酸的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量=500mL×1.18g/cm
3×37%=218.3g,100.0g溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為14.8%的稀鹽酸中含溶質(zhì):100.0g×14.8%=14.8g,需37%濃鹽酸質(zhì)量為:
=40g
故答案為:218.3g;37%;40.
點評:通過回答本題要知道在計算溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量時必須用溶液質(zhì)量×溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù),如果已知是溶液體積,要通過密度換算成質(zhì)量再去乘以溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù).