—Do you know the boy ____ is playing soccer there?
—Certainly, he is a friend of my _____
A.who; brother’s
B.who; brother
C.whom; brother’s
D.whose; brother
A

試題分析:定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有關(guān)系代詞who, whom,whose,which,that, as;關(guān)系副詞when, where,why。定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞的選用主要看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作什么成分或者是定語(yǔ)從句中缺什么成分。
1.定語(yǔ)從句中缺主語(yǔ),修飾人時(shí)用who /that,修飾物時(shí)用which /that引導(dǎo)。
2.從句中缺賓語(yǔ),修飾人時(shí)用 who /whom /that或省略引導(dǎo)詞;修飾物時(shí)用which /that或省略引導(dǎo)詞。
3.從句中缺時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),用when或介詞+which引導(dǎo)。
4.從句中缺地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),用where或介詞+which引導(dǎo)。
5.從句中缺原因狀語(yǔ)或先行詞是 reason時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞用why /for which / that。
6.從句中缺定語(yǔ),人和物都用 whose引導(dǎo)。
7.當(dāng)先行詞是way時(shí),其定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用in which /that。
根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知先行詞是the boy是人,故用that或who,又因我弟弟的朋友應(yīng)用A friend of my brother’s故選擇A。
點(diǎn)評(píng):定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞的選擇還應(yīng)注意下列問(wèn)題。1.關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose, which和as能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,而that不能;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中即使缺賓語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)詞也不能省略;關(guān)系副詞when,where能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,而why不能。
2.先行詞是物時(shí),其引導(dǎo)詞可用 which也可用that,通常情況下二者可互換,但在有些情況下不能。
A.用which不用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的三種情況:
①非限制性定語(yǔ)從句用which,不用that引導(dǎo)。
②先行詞為that時(shí),為了避免重復(fù),定語(yǔ)從句用which不用that引導(dǎo)。
③介詞后用which不用that引導(dǎo)。
B.用that不用which的七種情況:
①先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),用 that不用which引導(dǎo)。
②先行詞為little,much,all,none,few,(the)one, something,everything,nothing,anything等不定代詞時(shí),用that引導(dǎo)。
③先行詞既有指人的名詞又有指物的名詞時(shí),用 that引導(dǎo)。
④先行詞前有any,all,no,few,every,some,little, much,(the)very,(the)only,(the)last等詞修飾時(shí),用 that引導(dǎo)。
⑤先行詞為which時(shí),為了避免重復(fù),用that引導(dǎo)。
⑥先行詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí),常用that引導(dǎo)。
⑦當(dāng)主句是There be...句型時(shí),用that引導(dǎo)。
3.在“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與復(fù)數(shù)名詞保持一致;當(dāng)one前有the only修飾時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與the only one保持一致。
4.引導(dǎo)詞前有介詞或短語(yǔ)介詞時(shí),修飾人只能用 whom,修飾物只能用which引導(dǎo)。
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