【題目】 Where is it possible to drive from Rome to Moscow, Madrid, Paris, Vienna and Stockholm without going to Europe? The answer is in the state of Maine!

Throughout the United States there are many towns and cities that have been named after not only European cities but other countries as well, such as China, Poland, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. Just how many New World place names are recycled from the Old World names has never been tallied, but one researcher found forty-one Londons, fifty-six Berlins, twenty-four Dublins, thirty-two Athenses, and twenty-seven Moscows, among others!

Reasons for European place names differ. Some were in memory of settlers' former homes, others in honor of historic events. Founded in 1818 by John coffee, Robert Beauty, John D. Carroll and John Read, Athens is one of the oldest incorporated cities in the State of Alabama. The town was first called Athenson, and the name was then shortened to Athens, after the ancient city in Greece. More interestingly, some names were given by mistake. For instance, the people of Moscow, Kansas, wanted their city to follow the name of the explorer Moscoso. They shortened his name to Mosco, and an official in Washington, thinking the Kansans couldn't spell, added a "w".

【1】What might have made the official in Washington change Mosco into Moscow?

A.Moscow is a world-famous city name.

B.He thought Moscoso would prefer Moscow.

C.He believed Moscow was a far better name.

D.He couldn't spell very well and made a mistake.

【2】The underlined word "tallied"? In Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to"________".

A.builtB.believedC.addedD.visited

【3】The best title for the passage is ________.

A.The Story of Moscow, Kansas

B.American Cities and Their Names

C.Interesting Names

D.Old World Place Names in America

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】D

【解析】

本文主要講述了美國(guó)舊大陸城鎮(zhèn)名字的由來(lái)及相關(guān)內(nèi)容。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干的意思是：什么讓華盛頓的官員把 Mosco 變成Moscow？A的意思是“莫斯科是一個(gè)舉世聞名的城市�！�；B的意思是“他認(rèn)為莫斯科人更喜歡Moscow。”；C的意思是“他認(rèn)為莫斯科是一個(gè)好得多的名字。”；D的意思是“他拼寫(xiě)不太好并且犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤�！备鶕�(jù)“They shortened his name to Mosco, and an official in Washington, thinking the Kansans couldn't spell, added a "w".”他們把他的名字簡(jiǎn)稱為Mosco，華盛頓的一位官員認(rèn)為堪薩斯人不會(huì)拼寫(xiě)，于是加了一個(gè)“W”�？芍�，華盛頓的官員不會(huì)拼寫(xiě)導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤。故選D。

【2】詞意猜測(cè)題。A. built建造；B. believed相信；C. added計(jì)算、核算；D. visited參觀。根據(jù)“but one researcher found forty-one Londons, fifty-six Berlins, twenty-four Dublins, thirty-two Athenses, and twenty-seven Moscows, among others!”但是一位研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了41個(gè)倫敦地名，56個(gè)柏林地名，24個(gè)都柏林地名，32個(gè)雅典地名，27個(gè)莫斯科地名，等等！由此可知研究人員進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)。因此上文的tallied是“統(tǒng)計(jì)，核算”的意思，上文是說(shuō)到底有多少新世界的地名是從舊世界的地名中回收而來(lái)，至今還沒(méi)有統(tǒng)計(jì)出來(lái)。而下文說(shuō)研究人員卻進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)。故選C。

【3】最佳標(biāo)題。A. The Story of Moscow, Kansas堪薩斯州莫斯科的故事。B. American Cities and Their Names美國(guó)城市及其名稱。C. Interesting Names有趣的名字。D. Old World Place Names in America美國(guó)舊大陸地名。本文主要講述了美國(guó)舊大陸城鎮(zhèn)名字的由來(lái)。故選D。

本題的第2小題是詞義猜測(cè)題。詞義猜測(cè)題是閱讀理解中常見(jiàn)的一種題型，所猜測(cè)詞匯可以是生詞，也可以是熟詞新義，還可以是人稱代詞的指代內(nèi)容。詞義猜測(cè)題主要考查考生根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)詞義和語(yǔ)義的能力，突出考查對(duì)語(yǔ)境的分析和把握能力。本題可以利用上下文語(yǔ)境來(lái)猜測(cè)詞意。猜測(cè)任何詞義都離不開(kāi)上下文，所以要借助上下文對(duì)需要猜測(cè)的詞或短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推測(cè)。

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