分析 文章大意:
如果我們被問到一年前我們在做什么,我們可能不得不說,我們不記得了.但是如果我們保存了一本書,并及記錄我們每天做的事情,我們應(yīng)該能夠很順利的回答這個(gè)問題.
歷史也是如此,許多事情都被遺忘了,因?yàn)槲覀儧]有對(duì)他們進(jìn)行書面記載.有些時(shí)候,人類確實(shí)記錄了他們國家的重要事件,但是它常常被火災(zāi)或戰(zhàn)爭毀滅.有時(shí)從來沒有任何書面記錄,因?yàn)槟莻(gè)時(shí)代和那個(gè)地方的人不知道怎么寫.例如,我們對(duì)4000年前在中國的人很了解,因?yàn)樗麄兛梢詴鴮,并把這些記錄的文件交給后代保存.但我們幾乎沒有誰知道200年前在中非的發(fā)生的事情,因?yàn)樗麄兡鞘沁沒有學(xué)會(huì)書寫.
有時(shí),即使人們不能寫,他們可能知道過去的東西.他們從老年人那里聽到了,同時(shí)也可以從歌曲、舞蹈和故事中發(fā)現(xiàn),因?yàn)楹芏嗍虑槎紩?huì)融入在這些里面,并且那些歌曲和舞蹈被傳成了許多代,大多數(shù)人都會(huì)自豪地講述他們的父親在過去都做了些什么.這可以稱為"被記住的歷史".其中一些已寫成歷史,因?yàn)樵谡Z言中一次又一次使用時(shí),說的話更容易改變并且以書面形式復(fù)制時(shí)更加容易.但在沒有書面記錄的地方,這樣的口語故事通常對(duì)歷史的記錄是有幫助的.
解答 34.D,推理判斷題,文章中稱通過歌曲舞蹈傳承歷史事情的方式成為""remembered history",在此之后的文章中發(fā)現(xiàn),作者說"because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech",表明了口傳的時(shí)候表述錯(cuò)誤或文字變更會(huì)使原有信息發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤或失真,所以可靠性沒有文字好,A正確.文中提到"It is the same in history.Many things have been forgotten because we don't have written account of them"歷史和我們的情況一下,不去記錄就會(huì)忘記,所以記錄在歷史的傳承中起著重要的作用,所以B正確;文中說"But if we had kept a book and had written it in an account(陳述) of what we did each day,we should be able to give an answer to the question"如果我們記錄每一天發(fā)生的事,我們就會(huì)輕而易舉的知曉當(dāng)年發(fā)生的事情,所以選項(xiàng)C正確;文中提到"But where there are no written records,such spoken stories are often helpful",就算沒有文字記錄,口頭傳授的方式也可以記載歷史,所以選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤.
35.D,句意理解題,文中明確給出"But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200years ago in central Africa because they had not learnt to write",表明不知道200年前中非的事情,是因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)候這里的人們還不知道如何書寫,所以很多事情沒有傳下來,選擇D.
36.B,句意理解題,文中最后一句明確給出"But where there are no written records,such spoken stories are often helpful"表明在沒有文字記錄的條件下,口頭傳授,即所謂的"Remembered history"也可以幫助記錄,保持歷史的延續(xù),所以選擇D.
37.A,推理判斷題,有前面幾道題可知,口傳的時(shí)候表述錯(cuò)誤或文字變更會(huì)使原有信息發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤或失真,可靠性沒有文字好,所以我們應(yīng)該不會(huì)從歌曲舞蹈中知曉太多關(guān)于歷史的詳細(xì)信息,所以排除選項(xiàng)CD;對(duì)于選項(xiàng)B,文中提到"but it was often destroyed(破壞) by fire or in a war",書稿可能能會(huì)被大火燒毀或因?yàn)閼?zhàn)爭而消失,但大火和戰(zhàn)爭以及書的燒毀并不是故意的,所以B表述錯(cuò)誤;我們之所以現(xiàn)在對(duì)歷史不太了解,就是因?yàn)橛行┦虑闆]有被記載或記載的不夠詳細(xì),所以如果我們要比現(xiàn)在更好的了解歷史,我們所要做的就是獲得大量關(guān)于歷史的記錄,也就是最好古代人對(duì)每一個(gè)歷史事件做了詳盡的記錄,所以選擇A.
點(diǎn)評(píng) 本文主要是說歷史傳承與書面記錄、"Remembered history"之間的關(guān)系.題目涉及到推理判斷和主旨大意題,要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行合理地分析才能得出正確答案,切記不能亂猜,一定做到有理有據(jù).
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