一元二次函數(shù)的單調(diào)性:當(dāng)a>0時(shí):________為增函數(shù);________為減函數(shù);當(dāng)a<0時(shí):________為增函數(shù);________為減函數(shù).
對(duì)稱(chēng)軸右側(cè) 對(duì)稱(chēng)軸左側(cè) 對(duì)稱(chēng)軸左側(cè) 對(duì)稱(chēng)軸右側(cè)
分析:由a大于0和a小于0,分別畫(huà)出各自二次函數(shù)的圖象,當(dāng)a大于0時(shí),在對(duì)稱(chēng)軸的左側(cè)任取兩點(diǎn)A和B,根據(jù)圖象觀察自變量的大小,以及對(duì)應(yīng)函數(shù)值的大小,即可知道函數(shù)的增減性;在對(duì)稱(chēng)軸的右側(cè)任取兩點(diǎn)C和D,同理可得函數(shù)的增減性;當(dāng)a小于0時(shí),同理可得對(duì)稱(chēng)軸左側(cè)和右側(cè)函數(shù)的增減性.
解答:
解:當(dāng)a>0時(shí),
如圖1,在對(duì)稱(chēng)軸的左側(cè)任取兩點(diǎn)A(x
a,y
a)和B(x
b,y
b),
觀察函數(shù)圖象得到:x
b>x
a,有y
b<y
a,所以在對(duì)稱(chēng)軸左側(cè),函數(shù)為減函數(shù);
在對(duì)稱(chēng)軸的右側(cè)任取兩點(diǎn)C(x
c,y
c),D(x
d,y
d),觀察圖象可知x
c<x
d,有y
c<y
d,所以在對(duì)稱(chēng)軸右側(cè),函數(shù)為增函數(shù);
當(dāng)a<0時(shí),如圖2,同理在對(duì)稱(chēng)軸左右各取兩點(diǎn),根據(jù)函數(shù)圖象可知,對(duì)稱(chēng)軸左側(cè)為增函數(shù),對(duì)稱(chēng)軸右側(cè)為減函數(shù).
故答案為:對(duì)稱(chēng)軸右側(cè);對(duì)稱(chēng)軸左側(cè);對(duì)稱(chēng)軸左側(cè);對(duì)稱(chēng)軸右側(cè).
點(diǎn)評(píng):此題考查學(xué)生掌握二次函數(shù)的圖象與性質(zhì),考查了數(shù)形結(jié)合的數(shù)學(xué)思想,是一道中檔題.熟悉掌握二次函數(shù)的增減性是解本題的關(guān)鍵.