【答案】
分析:(Ⅰ)f(x)=3x
2+2ax+b.依題意則有:
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,解得
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,所以f(x)=x
3-6x
2+9x;求導f′(x)利用導數研究f(x)在區(qū)間(0,4]上的變化情況即可得到函數f(x)=x
3-6x
2+9x在區(qū)間[0,4]上的最大值,最小值.
(Ⅱ)由函數的定義域是正數知,s>0,故極值點(3,0)不在區(qū)間[s,t]上;下面分類討論:(1)若極值點M(1,4)在區(qū)間[s,t],(2)若f(x)=x
3-6x
2+9x在[s,t]上單調增,(3)若f(x)=x
3-6x
2+9x在[s,t]上單調減,看是不是存在這樣的正數s即可;
(Ⅲ)同(Ⅱ),極值點(3,0)不可能在區(qū)間[s,t]上;分類討論:(1)若極值點M(1,4)在區(qū)間[s,t],(2)若函數f(x)在區(qū)間[s,t]單調遞增,(3)若函數f(x)在區(qū)間[s,t]單調遞減,綜上可得結果.
解答:解:(Ⅰ)f(x)=3x
2+2ax+b.依題意則有:
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,所以
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,解得
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,所以f(x)=x
3-6x
2+9x;
f′(x)=3x
2-12x+9=3(x-1)(x-3),由f′(x)=0可得x=1或x=3.
f′(x),f(x)在區(qū)間(0,4]上的變化情況為:
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所以函數f(x)=x
3-6x
2+9x在區(qū)間[0,4]上的最大值是4,最小值是0.
(Ⅱ)由函數的定義域是正數知,s>0,故極值點(3,0)不在區(qū)間[s,t]上;
(1)若極值點M(1,4)在區(qū)間[s,t],此時0<s≤1≤t<3,在此區(qū)間上f(x)的最大值是4,不可能等于t;故在區(qū)間[s,t]上沒有極值點;
(2)若f(x)=x
3-6x
2+9x在[s,t]上單調增,即0<s<t≤1或3<s<t,
則
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,即
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,解得
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不合要求;
(3)若f(x)=x
3-6x
2+9x在[s,t]上單調減,即1<s<t<3,則
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,
兩式相減并除s-t得:(s+t)
2-6(s+t)-st+10=0,①
兩式相除并開方可得[s(s-3)]
2=[t(t-3)]
2,
即s(3-s)=t(3-t),整理并除以s-t得:s+t=3,②
代入①有st=1,與1<s<t<3矛盾.
(Ⅲ)同(Ⅱ),極值點(3,0)不可能在區(qū)間[s,t]上;
(1)若極值點M(1,4)在區(qū)間[s,t],此時0<s≤1≤t<3,
故有①
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或②
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①由k=
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,1≤t<3知,k∈(
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,4],當且僅當t=1時,k=4;
再由k=(s-3)
2,0<s≤1知,k∈[4,9),當且僅當s=1時,k=4
由于s≠t,故不存在滿足要求的k值.
②由s=
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f(t)=
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f(t)=[
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]
2,及0<s≤1可解得2≤t<3,
所以k=
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,2≤t<3知,k∈(
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,2];
即當k∈(
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,2]時,存在t=
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∈[2,3),s=
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f(t)=
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f(t)=[
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]
2∈(0,1],
且f(s)≥4s=
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f(t)>f(t),滿足要求.
(2)若函數f(x)在區(qū)間[s,t]單調遞增,則0<s<t≤1或3<s<t,
且
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,故s,t是方程x
2-6x+9=k的兩根,
由于此方程兩根之和為3,故[s,t]不可能同在一個單調增區(qū)間;
(3)若函數f(x)在區(qū)間[s,t]單調遞減,則1<s<t<3,
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,
兩式相除并整理得s
2(s-3)
2=t
2(t-3)
2,由1<s<t<3知s(s-3)=t(t-3),即s+t=3,
再將兩式相減并除以s-t得,-k=(s
2+st+t
2)-6(s+t)+9=(s+t)
2-6(s+t)+9-st=-st,
即k=st,所以s,t是方程x
2-3x+k=0的兩根,令g(x)=x
2-3x+k,
則
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,解得
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,即存在s=
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,s=
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滿足要求.
綜上可得,當
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時,存在兩個不等正數s,t(s<t),
使x∈[s,t]時,函數f(x)=x
3-6x
2+9x的值域恰好是[ks,kt].
點評:本題主要考查了導數的幾何意義、利用導數求閉區(qū)間上函數的最值.屬于中檔題.