已知函數(shù)f(x)=x2+mx+nlnx(x>0,實數(shù)m,n為常數(shù)).
(1)若n+3m2=0(m>0),且函數(shù)f(x)在x∈[1,+∞)上的最小值為0,求m的值;
(2)若對于任意的實數(shù)a∈[1,2],b-a=1,函數(shù)f(x)在區(qū)間(a,b)上總是減函數(shù),對每個給定的n,求m的最大值h(n).
【答案】
分析:(1)先求導,求函數(shù)在已知區(qū)間上的極值,注意極值點是否在定義域內(nèi),進行分類討論,確定最值;(2)函數(shù)在區(qū)間上單調(diào)遞減,轉(zhuǎn)化為導函數(shù)小于等于0恒成立,再轉(zhuǎn)化為二次函數(shù)根的分布問題.
解答:解:(1)當n+3m
2=0時,f(x)=x
2+mx-3m
2lnx.
則
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.
令f′(x)=0,得
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(舍),x=m.(3分)
①當m>1時,
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∴當x=m時,f
min(x)=2m
2-3m
2lnm.
令2m
2-3m
2lnm=0,得
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.(5分)
②當0<m≤1時,f′(x)≥0在x∈[1,+∞)上恒成立,
f(x)在x∈[1,+∞)上為增函數(shù),當x=1時,f
min(x)=1+m.
令m+1=0,得m=-1(舍).綜上所述,所求m為
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.(7分)
(2)∵對于任意的實數(shù)a∈[1,2],b-a=1,
f(x)在區(qū)間(a,b)上總是減函數(shù),則對于x∈(1,3),
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<0,
∴f′(x)≤0在區(qū)間[1,3]上恒成立.(9分)
設g(x)=2x
2+mx+n,∵x>0,
∴g(x)≤0在區(qū)間[1,3]上恒成立.
由g(x)二次項系數(shù)為正,得
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即
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亦即
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(12分)
∵(-n-2)
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=
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,
∴當n<6時,m≤
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,當n≥6時,m≤-n-2,(14分)
∴當n<6時,h(n)=
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,
當n≥6時,h(n)=-n-2,即
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(16分)
點評:(1)利用導數(shù)求函數(shù)的最值問題,體現(xiàn)了分類討論的數(shù)學思想,是難點;(2)題意的理解與轉(zhuǎn)化是難點,在解答此題中用到了數(shù)形結(jié)合的數(shù)學思想.