解:(1)f′(x)=-[x
2+(a-2)x+b-a]e
3-x由f′(3)=0,得-[3
2+(a-2)3+b-a]e
3-x=0,即得b=-3-2a---(3分)
(2)f′(x)=-[x
2+(a-2)x-3-2a-a e
3-x=-[x
2+(a-2)x-3-3a]e
3-x=-(x-3)(x+a+1)e
3-x令f′(x)=0,得x
1=3或x
2=-a-1,
①由于x=3是極值點,所以3+a+1≠0,那么a≠-4----------(4分)
②當(dāng)a<-4時,x
2>3=x
1,則f(x)增區(qū)間為(3,-a-1),減區(qū)間為 (-∞,3)(-a-1,+∞)--(5分)
③當(dāng)a>-4時,x
2<3=x
1,f(x)增區(qū)間為(-a-1,3),減區(qū)間為(-∞,-a-1)(3,+∞)---(6分)
(3)函數(shù)f(x)在區(qū)間
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上存在零點即(x
2+ax+b)e
3-x=0在區(qū)間
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上有根
所以x
2+ax-3-2a=0即
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在區(qū)間
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上有根----------(7分)
令
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,則
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則u(x)在[-1,1]上遞減,在
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遞增,------------------(9分)
又
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所以u(x)的值域為
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所以
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時,函數(shù)f(x)在區(qū)間
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上存在零點----------(10分)
(4)當(dāng)a>0時,f(x)在區(qū)間(0,3)上的遞增,在區(qū)間(3,4)上遞減,
而f (0)=-(2a+3)e
3<0,f (4)=(2a+13)e
-1>0,f (3)=a+6
那么f(x)在區(qū)間[0,4]上的值域是[-(2a+3)e
3,a+6]------(12分)
又
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.在區(qū)間[0,4]上是增函數(shù)
它在區(qū)間[0,4]上的值域是
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--------(13分)
由于
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,
所以只須
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且a>0,
解得
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-----------------------(15分)
分析:(1)由已知中函數(shù)f(x)=(x
2+ax+b)e
3-x(x∈R)的一個極值點是x=3.我們根據(jù)函數(shù)在某點取得極值的條件,易得f′(3)=0,進而構(gòu)造方程求出a與b的關(guān)系式;
(2)消去b得到函數(shù),然后求出導(dǎo)函數(shù),分析函數(shù)在各個區(qū)間上的導(dǎo)數(shù)符號,即可得到答案.
(3)函數(shù)f(x)在區(qū)間
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上存在零點即(x
2+ax+b)e
3-x=0在區(qū)間
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上有根,然后將a分離,研究等式另一側(cè)的值域即可求出a的范圍;
(4)根據(jù)g(x)=(a
2+
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)e
x,利用導(dǎo)數(shù)法確定函數(shù)的單調(diào)性,再根據(jù)(1)的結(jié)論,我們可以構(gòu)造一個關(guān)于a的不等式,解不等式即可得到答案.
點評:本題主要考查了函數(shù)的極值和函數(shù)的單調(diào)性,以及零點問題和恒成立問題,是一道綜合題,考查的知識點較多,屬于中檔題.