Question

兩個(gè)沿豎直方向的磁感強(qiáng)度大小相等、方向相反的勻強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)穿過(guò)光滑的水平桌面，它們的寬度均為L.質(zhì)量為m、邊長(zhǎng)為L的平放在桌面上的正方形線圈的ab邊與磁場(chǎng)邊界ee′的距離為L，如圖所示.線圈在恒力作用下由靜止開(kāi)始沿桌面加速運(yùn)動(dòng)，ab邊進(jìn)入右邊的磁場(chǎng)時(shí)恰好做速度為v的勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng).求：

（1）當(dāng)ab邊剛越過(guò)ff′時(shí)線圈的加速度.

(2)當(dāng)ab邊運(yùn)動(dòng)到ff′與gg′之間的正中間位置時(shí)，線圈又恰好做勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)，從ab邊剛越過(guò)ee′到達(dá)右邊磁場(chǎng)正中間位置的過(guò)程中，線圈共產(chǎn)生多少熱量？

      

Answer 1

（1）a==

方向與運(yùn)動(dòng)方向相反.

(2) Q=mv²

解析:

（1）設(shè)恒力為F，由線圈開(kāi)始運(yùn)動(dòng)到ab邊進(jìn)入磁場(chǎng)前瞬間，根據(jù)動(dòng)能定理

W=ΔE_k 得F=                                                                                        ①

ab邊剛越過(guò)ee′未到達(dá)ff′時(shí)做勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)，處于平衡狀態(tài)，磁場(chǎng)力大小F₁=F，設(shè)磁感強(qiáng)度為B，線圈電阻為R，則感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì)E₁=BLv

磁場(chǎng)力F₁=BI₁L

因?yàn)?i>I₁=得F=                                                                                ②

當(dāng)ab邊剛越過(guò)ff′地，ab、cd邊感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì)大小、方向相同，總電動(dòng)勢(shì)ε₂=2ε₁,電流I₂=2I₁                                                                                                                                                                                 ③

故磁場(chǎng)力的合力F₂=4F₁                                                                                                                                                                         ④

由牛頓第二定律和①、④式得

a==

方向與運(yùn)動(dòng)方向相反.

(2)設(shè)ab 邊運(yùn)動(dòng)到ff′與gg′正中間時(shí)速度為v₃,則感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì)ε₃=2BLv₃，磁場(chǎng)力大小F₃=                                                                                                            ⑤

此時(shí)線圈又做勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)，磁場(chǎng)力的大小F₃=F                                               ⑥

由②、⑤、⑥式得v₃=                                                                                ⑦

根據(jù)動(dòng)能定理W_F-W_B=ΔE_k

根據(jù)能量守恒定律，從ab邊剛越過(guò)ee′到達(dá)右側(cè)磁場(chǎng)正中間過(guò)程中，線圈產(chǎn)生的熱量與磁場(chǎng)力做的功大小相等，得Q=FL+mv²-mv²₃                                                                                  ⑧

由①、⑦、⑧式得Q=mv²