Question

【題目】Make Up Your Mind to Succeed

Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone’s winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation. ”

Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here’s how they work:

A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent is genetic(遺傳的) – you’re a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes he’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, he’s quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.

On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego (自尊) isn’t on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, he’s quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, he enjoys this experience.

We are all born with growth mind-sets. Otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to live in the world. But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck’s book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.

【1】What does the author think about the present generation?

A. They don’t do well at school.

B. They are often misunderstood.

C. They are eager to win in sports.

D. They are given too much praise.

【2】A fixed mind-set person is probably one who ___ .

A. doesn’t want to work hard

B. cares a lot about personal safety

C. cannot share his ideas with others

D. can succeed with the help of teachers

【3】What does the growth mind-set believe?

A. Admitting failure is shameful.

B. Talent comes with one’s birth.

C. Scores should be highly valued.

D. Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.

【4】What should parents do for their children based on Dweck’s study?

A. Encourage them to learn from failures.

B. Prevent them from making mistakes.

C. Guide them in doing little things.

D. Help them grow with praise.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】A

【3】D

【4】A

【解析】

試題分析：本文是一篇科學(xué)調(diào)查報告。斯坦福大學(xué)教授Dweck經(jīng)過40年的調(diào)查研究認為人們對待失敗有兩種不同的思維模式，這兩種思維模式對我們?nèi)绾螌Υ�失敗有很大的影響。第一種是有固定思維模式的人，他們認為才能是天生的，成功不需要努力而失敗是恥辱。他們逃避未來的困難。第二種是具有成長思維模式的人，他們認為才能不是天生的，努力和學(xué)習(xí)使一切成為可能。向失敗學(xué)習(xí)并把它看作成長的經(jīng)歷。

【1】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”，Dweck教授稱它們?yōu)椤斑^度夸獎的一代”，可知：他們被表揚的太多了。故選 D。

【2】細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“The fixed mind-set believes he’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame.”固定思維模式相信不用太多的努力并且把失敗當(dāng)做是個人的恥辱他就一定會成功，可知，他相信成功但不想付出努力。 故選D。

【3】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, he’s quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, he enjoys this experience.（成長思維模式會把失敗看做是一次機會而不是羞恥。當(dāng)面對困難時，他會很快的重新考慮作出改變?nèi)缓笤俅螄L試。事實上，他享受這種經(jīng)歷。）”可知，克服困難的過程是享受的。故選 D。

【4】判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.（但是她說有許多小事你可以從今天開始做，比如一定要讓你的孩子，孫子甚至是你都不要被困難打倒）”可知，家長應(yīng)學(xué)會教孩子克服困難，從困難中學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗。故選 A。