Question

【題目】 Parents who fear their kids are spending too much time in front of screens now have more reasons for concern.

New research funded by the National Institutes of Health found brain changes among kids using screens more than seven hours a day and lower cognitive(認(rèn)知的) skills among those using screens more than two hours a day.

When studies find links between screen time and negative outcomes, some have argued that this is just the latest moral panic over technology.After all, didn't today's grandparents once worry that their kids were watching too much TV or talking on the phone too much? Those kids( today's parents )turned out OK, right?

In a new paper, my co-authors and I found that children who spent four or more hours a day on portable devices(設(shè)備)--compared with no time-were over 44 percent more likely to sleep not enough.TV time was also connected to less sleep, but not as strongly or consistently.

For one thing, TV is not so psychologically stimulating(刺激性的)as a portable device like a smartphone, which, unlike TV.doesn’t exist to simply consume media.Smartphones have also become a huge part of social life, whether it's texting with friends or interacting with them on social media.

And unlike TV, portable devices can be silently carried into the bedroom or even the bed, resulting in some teens using them throughout the night.

That might explain why lack of sleep among teens spiked after 2012-just as smartphone use became common.

So what is a parent-or anyone who wants to sleep well-to do?

First, it's best for smartphones and tablets to stay out of the bedroom after"lights-out"time.Nor is it a great idea to use the devices within an hour of bedtime, as their blue light influences the brain’s ability to produce melatonin (褪黑激素).Finally, as a general rule, two hours a day or less spent on portable devices is a good guideline.These rules apply to parents, too -not only kids.

【1】What is the third paragraph mainly about?

A.Today's parents' health condition.

B.Grandparents’ influence on their kids.

C.Bad effects of too much screen time on kids.

D.Some people,'s opinion on the findings of the studies.

【2】What is a reason for portable devices' being more strongly associated with less sleep?

A.They only consume media.B.They are convenient to carry.

C.They are better used in daytime.D.They are independent of social life.

【3】What does the underlined word"spiked" in paragraph 7 probably mean?

A.rose quickly.B.stood still.

C.grew equally.D.decreased abruptly.

【4】What's the author's advice on how to get a good sleep?

A.Never bring screens into the bedroom.

B.Allow parents to adapt the rules for themselves.

C.Avoid the devices within an hour of bedtime.

D.Spend exactly two hours a day on the devices.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】B

【3】A

【4】C

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院資助的一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每天看屏幕超過7小時的孩子大腦會發(fā)生變化，而每天看屏幕超過2小時的孩子認(rèn)知能力較低。同時便攜設(shè)備因為其方便性可以被悄悄帶到臥室甚至床上，導(dǎo)致一些青少年整夜都在使用它們，從而導(dǎo)致青少年缺少睡眠。

【1】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段第一句When studies find links between screen time and negative outcomes, some have argued that this is just the latest moral panic over technology.（當(dāng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)屏幕時間和負(fù)面結(jié)果之間存在聯(lián)系時，一些人辯稱，這只是對科技的最新道德恐慌。）以及下文內(nèi)容可知第三段主要是關(guān)于一些人對研究結(jié)果的看法。故選D。

【2】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段And unlike TV, portable devices can be silently carried into the bedroom or even the bed, resulting in some teens using them throughout the night.（與電視不同的是，便攜式設(shè)備可以被悄悄帶到臥室甚至床上，導(dǎo)致一些青少年整夜都在使用它們。）可推知便攜式設(shè)備與睡眠更少有更強的關(guān)聯(lián)，因為它們攜帶方便。故選B。

【3】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文after 2012-just as smartphone use became common.可知2012年智能手機的使用變得越來越普遍，因此青少年睡眠不足的人數(shù)也迅速增加。故可推測劃線單詞意思為“迅速上升”。故選A。

【4】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段First, it's best for smartphones and tablets to stay out of the bedroom after "lights-out" time. Nor is it a great idea to use the devices within an hour of bedtime, as their blue light influences the brain’s ability to produce melatonin.（首先，對于智能手機和平板電腦來說，在“熄燈”后最好遠離臥室。睡前一小時內(nèi)使用這些設(shè)備也不是個好主意，因為它們發(fā)出的藍光會影響大腦產(chǎn)生褪黑激素的能力。）可知作者建議在睡前一小時內(nèi)避免使用電子設(shè)備，以獲得良好的睡眠，故選C。

詞義猜測題是高考閱讀理解中常考題型之一，可以大致分為

① 定義猜詞，可以根據(jù)定義信息和舉例猜測詞義。如文中常用refer to，be called或that’s to say，such as等。

② 邏輯猜詞可以根據(jù)同義詞、反義詞、因果關(guān)系詞等猜測詞義，例如，similarly,the same as,but,however,while,on the other hand,since ,because等，所猜詞與這些提示詞前/后面部分的含義一樣、相反或是前因后果。

③ 語法猜詞，可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法，再結(jié)合上下文進行猜詞。

④ 語境猜詞，猜測詞義離不開上下文的語境，通過上下文提供的情景和線索進行合理的分析，同時還要關(guān)注其所在的整段及整篇文章。

⑤ 指代猜詞即找出人稱代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞等所指代的內(nèi)容，做題時要注意指代詞的位置，以便于判斷，然后用所找的指代內(nèi)容替換劃線代詞，核實其邏輯、意義、位置等是否一致，最后比較所找部分與選項，確定意思最接近的選項。

如第三小題，根據(jù)下文after 2012-just as smartphone use became common.可知2012年智能手機的使用變得越來越普遍，因此青少年睡眠不足的人數(shù)也迅速增加。故可推測劃線單詞意思為“迅速上升”。故選A。