Question

【題目】 Anyone caring about their health will be able to speak out a few of the major vitamins, and possibly take an educated guess at what they do. Vitamin C, found in oranges and other fruit and vegetables, is important for wound repair. And the much-talked-about “sunshine” vitamin D, produced by the skin in response to UV light, is essential for strong bones.

But what about vitamin P? It might well have you scratching your head. And that's not surprising: the term was first coined in the 1930s to describe a small group of compounds that provide pigment (天然色素) to plants, and were believed to have health benefits. A century later, these compounds are now better known as flavonoids (類黃酮)．

Today, scientists have identified between 4,000 and 6,000 different kinds and we now know they are responsible for many of the flavors and smells of fruit and vegetables and also that they protect them from invaders such as pests and bacteria.

They are equally important nutrients for the body, helping maintain bones and teeth, and for the production of the protein collagen (膠原), which provides structure to blood vessels, muscles and skin.

They are also said to help the body deal with some of the key drivers of illness, including oxidation (氧化), a natural process by which the body's cells age and can become damaged and defective. That means they could help to protect against chronic diseases including cancer and heart disease.

【1】What do we know about vitamin P?

A.We would scratch our head if we took it.

B.It refers to the compounds also called flavonoids.

C.It was made into a coin in the 1930s.

D.People didn't think it beneficial in the past.

【2】Which is NOT the function of vitamin P for humans according to the passage?

A.Helping maintain bones and teeth.

B.Assisting in producing protein collagen.

C.Accelerating the circulation of the blood.

D.Aiding the body to handle the main factors of illness.

【3】Which of the following best explains “defective” underlined in the last paragraph?

A.Harmful.B.Discouraged.

C.Vague.D.Deficient.

【4】How does vitamin P help slow the aging process?

A.By fighting against oxidation.B.By maintaining bones.

C.By strengthening muscles.D.By protecting against chronic diseases.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】C

【3】D

【4】A

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了被稱為類黃酮的化合物維生素P，以及維生素P對于人體的一些重要作用。

【1】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中A century later, these compounds are now better known as flavonoids.可知，一個世紀后，這些化合物被稱為類黃酮。由此可知，維生素P指的是也被稱為類黃酮的化合物。故選B。

【2】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段They are equally important nutrients for the body, helping maintain bones and teeth, and for the production of the protein collagen, which provides structure to blood vessels, muscles and skin.可知，它們對身體也是同樣重要的營養(yǎng)物質，幫助維持骨骼和牙齒，并產(chǎn)生膠原蛋白，為血管、肌肉和皮膚提供結構。以及最后一段第一句They are also said to help the body deal with some of the key drivers of illness…可知，據(jù)說它們還能幫助身體應對一些疾病的關鍵驅動因素。由此可知，A、B、D選項屬于P維生素對人體的作用，只有C選項“加速血液循環(huán)”不是維生素P對人體的作用。故選C。

【3】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文oxidation, a natural process by which the body's cells age and can become damaged and可知，氧化是一種自然的過程，通過它，人體細胞衰老，受損或變得有缺陷。由此可知，劃線單詞意思為“有缺陷的”。故選D。

【4】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中They are also said to help the body deal with some of the key drivers of illness, including oxidation, a natural process by which the body's cells age and can become damaged and defective.可知，據(jù)說，它們還能幫助身體應對一些關鍵的致病因素，包括氧化作用。氧化作用是人體細胞衰老的自然過程，會造成損傷和缺陷。由此可知，維生素P通過對抗氧化幫助延緩衰老過程的。故選A。

詞義猜測題是高考閱讀理解中常考題型之一，可以大致分為

① 定義猜詞，可以根據(jù)定義信息和舉例猜測詞義。如文中常用refer to，be called或that's to say，such as等。

② 邏輯猜詞可以根據(jù)同義詞、反義詞、因果關系詞等猜測詞義，例如，similarly, the same as, but, however, while, on the other hand, since ,because等，所猜詞與這些提示詞前/后面部分的含義一樣、相反或是前因后果。

③ 語法猜詞，可以根據(jù)構詞法，再結合上下文進行猜詞。

④ 語境猜詞，猜測詞義離不開上下文的語境，通過上下文提供的情景和線索進行合理的分析，同時還要關注其所在的整段及整篇文章。

⑤ 指代猜詞即找出人稱代詞、指示代詞、關系代詞或關系副詞等所指代的內容，做題時要注意指代詞的位置，以便于判斷，然后用所找的指代內容替換劃線代詞，核實其邏輯、意義、位置等是否一致，最后比較所找部分與選項，確定意思最接近的選項。

如第三小題，根據(jù)上文oxidation, a natural process by which the body's cells age and can become damaged and可知，氧化是一種自然的過程，通過它，人體細胞衰老，受損或變得有缺陷。由此可知，劃線單詞意思為“有缺陷的”。故選D。