Question

【題目】Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit---that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 【1】. Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 【2】

Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 【3】. One is the establishment of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 【4】. The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision（監(jiān)管）and guidance by the management in authority. 【5】.

A. Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.

B. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

C. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.

E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.

G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】A

【3】G

【4】E

【5】B

【解析】

文章介紹了一些非營(yíng)利組織，和經(jīng)營(yíng)管理計(jì)劃的三個(gè)方面。

【1】根據(jù)后文Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers可知：被普遍認(rèn)為是非營(yíng)利組織。所以，上文應(yīng)該與其內(nèi)容一致。D項(xiàng)：然而，一些公司只掙足夠的錢來滿足基本的經(jīng)營(yíng)費(fèi)用。這說明它們不賺錢。這與后文內(nèi)容相符。此處however也是關(guān)鍵詞，其前講得是盈利活動(dòng)，其后是非盈利公司活動(dòng)。

【2】根據(jù)空格前面的內(nèi)容講的是不盈利機(jī)構(gòu)nonprofits，可以推知接著是對(duì)不盈利機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行舉例。故選A。

【3】第二段的第一句是總述，接下來從三方面進(jìn)行分述the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business。按順序先說planning。故選G。

【4】根據(jù)空格前后的內(nèi)容可知，前面闡述了planning，后面the third…闡述了 the control of the operations of a business（商業(yè)運(yùn)作的控制）關(guān)系到所有部門的工作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的建立（The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments），所以空格內(nèi)容為the second…，用來闡述direction關(guān)系到部門對(duì)各項(xiàng)政策的實(shí)行（the application of these policies by departments），故選E。

【5】最后一點(diǎn)可以根據(jù)前一句推知，前面一句說明"導(dǎo)向主要涉及權(quán)威管理的引導(dǎo)和監(jiān)管"（Direction is concerned primarily with supervision and guidance by the management in authority），可推知"控制包括了報(bào)告和記錄的作用--用來對(duì)比實(shí)際工作與工作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是否符合"。故選B。