Question

【題目】 Public Health England (PHE) is targeting pizzas, ready meals, ready meat and takeaways. The government has also required the food industry to start using healthier food and encourage the public to opt for lower calorie foods.

It is all part of an effort to cut calorie (卡路里) intake by 20% by 2024. The target will point to 13 different food groups, which are equal to about a fifth of the calorie taken by children. If action is not taken, PHE said, it would be prepared to ask the government to pass laws.

PHE would be strictly monitoring progress by looking at which products people were buying and would be prepared to punish companies which do not take their duties. The government is also organizing a program encouraging adults to consume (消耗) 400 calories at breakfast and 600 each at lunch and dinner.

At present, adults consume between 200 and 300 calories more than they should each day. PHE chief nutritionist Dr Alison Redstone said the 400-600-600 tip would make it easier for “people to make healthier choices" by being able to judge what they should be eating in each sitting.

How many calories should we eat? It is suggested that women eat no more than 2,000 calories a day, while men should limit their intake to 2,500. For children, it depends on age. A four-year-old should consume no more than 1,300, while for teens aged 17 and 18, it is about 3,000, but overweight children are eating up to 500 calories more than that.

Prof Russell Viner, of the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health, said it was a necessary move. He said, "Over the past 40 years, there had been a slow growth in food sizes, with pizzas and hamburgers simply much bigger than they were in our parents' time." The convenience of fast food at pocket money prices and the advertisement of unhealthy food and drinks to children add to the problem.

【1】What does the underlined word "opt" in Paragraph 1 mean?

A.Sell.B.Produce.

C.Choose.D.Inspect.

【2】What will happen to a company if it encourages high calorie food?

A.It will be punished by customers.

B.It will be forced to stop producing foods.

C.It will be punished by Public Health England.

D.It will be asked to throw away all the food.

【3】Which of the following people should take in the most calories?

A.Teens aged 18.B.Babies.

C.Middle-aged women.D.Old men.

【4】What can be inferred from the text?

A.The government has passed laws about eating healthier food.

B.PHE is concerned about the British health problems.

C.Hamburgers are not bigger than before.

D.Men should eat no more than 2,000 calories a day.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】C

【3】A

【4】B

【解析】

這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章主要講了英國公共衛(wèi)生部門要求食品行業(yè)開始使用更健康的食品，并鼓勵(lì)公眾選擇低卡路里食品。

【1】詞義猜測題。劃線詞所在的句子The government has also required the food industry to start using healthier food and encourage the public to opt for lower calorie foods.意思是政府還要求食品行業(yè)開始使用更健康的食品，并鼓勵(lì)公眾選擇低卡路里食品�！�opt”意思是選擇，故選C。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段PHE would be strictly monitoring progress by looking at which products people were buying and would be prepared to punish companies which do not take their duties.可知如果一個(gè)公司鼓勵(lì)高熱量食物，它將受到英國公共衛(wèi)生部門的懲罰，故選C。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。倒數(shù)第二段It is suggested that women eat no more than 2,000 calories a day, while men should limit their intake to 2,500. For children, it depends on age. A four-year-old should consume no more than 1,300, while for teens aged 17 and 18, it is about 3,000, but overweight children are eating up to 500 calories more than that.（建議女性每天攝入的熱量不要超過2000卡路里，而男性應(yīng)該限制在2500卡路里。對于孩子來說，這取決于年齡。一個(gè)4歲的孩子攝入的熱量應(yīng)該不超過1300卡路里，而對于17歲和18歲的青少年，這個(gè)數(shù)字大約是3000卡路里，但是超重的孩子攝入的熱量要比這個(gè)數(shù)字多500卡路里。）由此可知，18歲的青少年應(yīng)該攝入最多的卡路里，故選A。

【4】推理判斷題。答案定位在第三段PHE would be strictly monitoring progress by looking at which products people were buying and would be prepared to punish companies which do not take their duties.（公共衛(wèi)生部門將通過觀察人們購買哪些產(chǎn)品來嚴(yán)格監(jiān)控進(jìn)展，并準(zhǔn)備懲罰那些不履行職責(zé)的公司。）由此推斷出公共衛(wèi)生部門關(guān)注英國人的健康問題，故選B。

詞義猜測題是高考閱讀理解中�？碱}型之一，可以大致分為

① 定義猜詞，可以根據(jù)定義信息和舉例猜測詞義。如文中常用refer to，be called或that’s to say，such as等。

② 邏輯猜詞可以根據(jù)同義詞、反義詞、因果關(guān)系詞等猜測詞義，例如，similarly,the same as,but,however,while,on the other hand,since ,because等，所猜詞與這些提示詞前/后面部分的含義一樣、相反或是前因后果。

③ 語法猜詞，可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法，再結(jié)合上下文進(jìn)行猜詞。

④ 語境猜詞，猜測詞義離不開上下文的語境，通過上下文提供的情景和線索進(jìn)行合理的分析，同時(shí)還要關(guān)注其所在的整段及整篇文章。

⑤ 指代猜詞即找出人稱代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞等所指代的內(nèi)容，做題時(shí)要注意指代詞的位置，以便于判斷，然后用所找的指代內(nèi)容替換劃線代詞，核實(shí)其邏輯、意義、位置等是否一致，最后比較所找部分與選項(xiàng)，確定意思最接近的選項(xiàng)。

如第一小題，劃線詞所在的句子The government has also required the food industry to start using healthier food and encourage the public to opt for lower calorie foods.意思是政府還要求食品行業(yè)開始使用更健康的食品，并鼓勵(lì)公眾選擇低卡路里食品。“opt”意思是選擇，故選C。