The professor has brought in a good s_______of teaching languages from abroad.

The design __________all the ages and social groups is not easy to make.

A. appealed to             B. being appealed to

C. to be appealed to        D. appealing to

The company in Suzhou produced quantities of first-class silk, most of them  ____ to Europe.

A.selling   B.sold   C.were sold   D.are selling

The world’s astronomers came to their senses yesterday and approved a new definition of the word “planet” that would drop tiny Pluto from the club and relegate it instead to a lesser realm of “dwarf planets.” It was a welcome step away from a proposal that would have kept Pluto as a planet but meantime opened the door for dozens of small, icy bodies on the fringes of the solar system.

The important vote came after fierce debate at a meeting of the International Astronomical Union, which had been considering a proposal to define a planet as any object that orbits a star and is large enough for its own gravity to pull it into a spherical (球形的) shape. That definition was scientifically precise but led to results that offended common sense. An asteroid, a small moon, and another icy ball like Pluto would suddenly have risen to planet-hood, swelling the number of planets to 12, with many more icy rocks likely to qualify as more was learned about them.

Fortunately, the astronomers have now added another requirement to the definition. Planets must not only be large enough to be round, they must also have cleared out the neighborhood around their orbits. Pluto would not qualify — it orbits in a belt of icy debris on the edge of the solar system. Neither would an icy rock nicknamed Xena, which orbits in that same zone, nor Ceres, a big asteroid that marches in the company of other asteroids. Pluto’s moon, Charon, which had qualified under the first proposal, is also out of the running.

Pluto, with its small size and oddball orbit, should never have been deemed a planet in the first place. Henceforth there will be eight planets, at least three dwarf planets, and tens of thousands of “smaller solar system bodies,” like comets and asteroids. Our only regret is that the astronomers chose the name “dwarf planets” for Pluto’s new category instead of abandoning the word entirely when discussing these less-than-planetary bodies.

46. We can know from the passage that the new definition of planet __________.

A. has been welcomed by all walks of life

B. will kick the Pluto out of the planet group in the solar system

C. still makes the Pluto as a planet

D. will enlarge the number of planets in our solar system into permanently 12

47. After the new definition of “planet” was put forward, all of the following are regarded as planet except________.

A. Venus        B. Ceres                C. Mars          D. Jupiter

48. The writer’s attitudes towards the new definition of “planet” is________.

   A. welcome             B. indifferent                C. hostile               D. neutral

49 If the original definition of “planet” had not been changed, there would be the following consequences except that ________.

   A. thousands of icy rocks in space will be classified as planets

   B. some asteroids big enough to pull itself into a spherical shape will be regarded as planets.

   C. the Pluto will be relegated to “dwarf planet”

   D. there will be at least twelve or even more planets in the solar system.

50. We can infer from the article that the decision to apply new definition to “planet”________.

   A. has won universal support from scientists.

   B. has been severely criticized by many astronomers

   C. has not been made inconsiderately.

   D. has been banned by the International Astronomical Union

The common cold is the world’s most widespread illness, which is plagues(疫病) that flesh receives.

The most widespread fallacy(謬誤) of all is that colds caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses(病毒) passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.

During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches(戰(zhàn)壕), cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds.

In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp(奧斯維辛集中營), naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.

If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter？Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.

No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors(止痛片) such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms(癥狀).

51. The writer offered _______ examples to support his argument.

A. 4        B. 5        C. 6        D. 3

52. Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage?

A. The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time.

B. Colds are not caused by cold.

C. People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.

D. A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one.

53. Arctic explorers may catch colds when _______.

A. they are working in the isolated arctic regions

B. they are writing reports in terribly cold weather

C. they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions

D. they are coming into touch again with the outside world

54. Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit _______.

A. suffered a lot               B. never caught colds

C. often caught colds           D. became very strong

55. The passage mainly discusses _______.

A. the experiments on the common cold

B. the fallacy about the common cold

C. the reason and the way people catch colds

D. the continued spread of common colds

The days of the hunter are almost over in India. This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill, and partly because some steps have been taken mainly by banning tiger-shooting to protect those animals which still survive.

   Some people say that man is naturally a hunter. I disagree with this view. Surely our earliest forefathers, who at first possessed no weapons, spent their time digging for roots, and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals.

  I believe the main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals. Of course, there are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauty of the wild countryside. There are also those for whom hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and risk death by design; these men go out after dangerous animals like tigers, even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat. I can respect reasons like these, but they are clearly different from the need to strengthen your high opinion of yourself.

    The greatest big-game hunters expressed in their writings something of these finer motives. One of them wrote:

   “You must properly respect what you are after and shoot it clearly and on the animal’s own territory (領(lǐng)地).You must fix forever in your mind all the wonders of that particular day. This is better than letting him grow a few years older to be attacked and wounded by his own son and eventually eaten, half alive, by other animals. Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing — not if you respect the thing you kill, not if you kill to enrich your memories, not if you kill to feed your people.”

   I can understand such beliefs, and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears and bravely caught them by the tail. But this is very different from many tiger-shoots I have seen, in which modern weapons were used. The so-called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants. Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits.

There is little hunting in India now partly because ________.

          A. it is dangerous to hunt there        B. hunting is already out of date

       C. hunters want to protect animals     D. there are few animals left to hunt

The author thinks modern hunters kill mainly ________.

          A. to make the countryside safe      B. to earn people’s admiration

       C. to gain power and influence       D. to improve their health

What do we learn about the big-game hunters?

         A. They hunt old animals.           B. They mistreat animals. 

C. They hunt for food.              D. They hunt for money.

What is the author’s view on the tiger-shoots he has seen?

          A. Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face-to-face. 

       B. Modern hunters should use more advanced weapons.

       C. Modern hunters like to hunt rabbits instead of tigers. 

       D. Modern hunters should put their safety first.

The Story of My Life by Helen Keller is the most __31____(influence) book in my life. It is filled with courage, struggle and faith throughout. Helen Keller was once in deep despair in her __32____, but finally she decided to overcome her physical defects and live happily. Furthermore, she showed great patience__33____ her long and hard learning period.

    I have learned, above all, three lessons from her story. First, she taught me that often the road to success is to face hardships __34____(bravety). Maybe you are born under an ill star yet you can stand a better chance _35____ others. It is therefore important that you screw up your courage__36____  courage is needed. Second, the impairment of part of her senses did not stop__37____ learning: on the contrary, she had made continual __38____ to go deeper into the realm of knowledge, and her perseverance had thus helped her overcome many handicaps. __39____, she advised that we should make the most of our sense-organs as if we __40____(lose) them soon because this way we would observe the world more carefully than ever before.

    關(guān)于潮汐，古人說：“潮者，據(jù)朝來也；汐者，言夕至也.”下圖是利用潮汐發(fā)電的示意圖.左方為陸地和海灣，中間為大壩；其下有通道，水經(jīng)通道可帶動發(fā)電機.漲潮時，水進入海灣，待內(nèi)外水面高度相同，堵住通道［圖10-6-1（甲）］，潮降至最低點時放水發(fā)電［圖10-6-1（乙）］；待內(nèi)外水面高度相同；再堵住通道，直到下次漲潮至最高點，又放水發(fā)電［圖10-6-1（丙）］.設(shè)海灣面積為5.0×10⁷ m²，高潮與低潮間高度差3.0 m，則一天內(nèi)水流的平均功率為 MW.

圖10-6-1

（注：實際上由于各種損失，發(fā)電功率僅為水流的平均功率的10%—25%.例如法國蘭斯河（the Rance River）潮汐發(fā)電站水勢能釋放平均功率240 MW，而發(fā)電功率僅為62 MW.）

關(guān)于潮汐，古人說：“潮者，據(jù)朝來也；汐者，言夕至也.”圖10-6-1是利用潮汐發(fā)電的示意圖.左方為陸地和海灣，中間為大壩；其下有通道，水經(jīng)通道可帶動發(fā)電機.漲潮時，水進入海灣，待內(nèi)外水面高度相同，堵住通道［圖10-6-1(甲)］，潮退至最低點時放水發(fā)電［圖10-6-1(乙)］；待內(nèi)外水面高度相同；再堵住通道，直到下次漲潮至最高點，又放水發(fā)電［圖10-6-1(丙)］.設(shè)海灣面積為5.0×10⁷ m²，高潮與低潮間高度差3.0 m，則一天內(nèi)水流的平均功率為_____MW.

圖10-6-1

(注：實際上由于各種損失，發(fā)電功率僅為水流的平均功率的10%—25%.例如法國蘭斯河(the Rance River)潮汐發(fā)電站水勢能釋放平均功率240 MW，而發(fā)電功率僅為62 MW)

能源問題是當前的熱門話題，傳統(tǒng)的能源——煤和石油一方面儲量有限，有朝一日將要被開采畢；另一方面，使用過程中也帶來污染，尋找新的、無污染的能源是人們努力的方向，利用潮汐發(fā)電即是一例．

　　關(guān)于潮汐，古人說：“潮者，據(jù)朝來也；汐者，言夕至也．“下圖表示的是利用潮汐發(fā)電的示意圖．左方為陸地和海灣，中間為水壩，其下有通道，不經(jīng)通道可帶動發(fā)動機．海潮時，水進入海灣，待內(nèi)外水面高度相同，堵住通道(如下圖甲)，潮落至最低時放水發(fā)電(如下圖乙)；待內(nèi)外水面高度相同，再堵住通道，直到下次漲潮至最高點，又放水發(fā)電(如下圖丙)．設(shè)海灣面積為，高潮與低潮間高度差為3.00m，求一天內(nèi)水流的平均功率．實際上，由于各種損失，發(fā)電功率僅及水流功率的10～25％J，例如法國蘭斯河(the Rance River)潮汐發(fā)電站水勢能釋放平均功率為240MW，而發(fā)電功率僅62MW．