2009年高考書面表達分析指導(二)

 

第二篇 列要點

列要點是英語寫作中一個重要而不可忽視的環(huán)節(jié)。實踐中,不少學生因嫌麻煩,往往省去這一環(huán)節(jié),結果不是遺漏了要點,就是要點重復,以致影響了得分。這是非?上У摹

高考書面表達的評分標準中,“要點是否齊全”是重要的評分依據之一。現以一篇看圖作文為例分析如下:

例3:下面圖畫描述的是你的一段親身經歷,請據此為一家中學生英文報的故事專欄寫一篇100詞左右的短文。

生詞幫助:十字路口crossroads;違章者 offender

解題步驟:

1. 審題:這是一則記事性記敘文。

2. 內容要點:

(1) 哥哥騎車帶我去電影院;

(2) 在十字路口被兩人攔住,其中一個說道“終于等到你們了”;

(3) 他們半小時以前因騎車帶人受罰;

(4) 警察罰他們抓住下一個違章帶人者;

(5) 于是我們照樣被罰繼續(xù)抓違章者。

3. 陳述要點的重點詞匯和短語:

(1) ride one bike, go to the cinema, ride a bike, sit on the back of the bike

(2) come/ get to the crossroads, be stopped by, wait for you for a long time

(3) be stopped by a policeman, half an hour before, as offenders

(4) make them catch the next offender

(5) have to do as they do

4. 要點擴充成句:組織材料,篩選詞語,選定句型,時態(tài)使用以過去時為主。

(1) My brother and I rode one bike to go to the cinema./ My brother and I went to the cinema. My brother rode a bike and I sat on the back of the bike.

(2) We got to the crossroads. A young man and a young lady stopped us. The lady said,“We have waited for you for a long time.”

(3) They told us that they had been stopped by a policeman half an hour before as offenders.

(4) The policeman made them catch the next offender.

(5) We had to do as they had done.

5. 寫初稿:加上關聯(lián)詞和過渡句組成短文。

The other day my brother and I rode one bike to go to the cinema. (My brother and I went to the cinema. My brother rode a bike and I sat on the back of the bike.) As we came to the crossroads, a young man and a lady came up and stopped us. The lady said,“We have waited for you for a long time.”

They told us they had been stopped by a policeman half an hour before as offenders. So the policeman made them catch the next offender. They said to us happily,“It’s your turn to find the next offender.” We had to do as they had done. What a good lesson to us!

6. 修改定稿。

列要點時,我們應注意以下三點:

(1) 重視每一個要點,不要故意遺漏要點

實踐中,由于某些詞不會寫、某些句型不會用、某些結構不會表達,有些同學便自作聰明地故意遺漏要點,這種做法顯然是不明智的,因為遺漏要點扣的分遠比錯一個詞扣的分多。正確的做法是:對于不會表達的難點,設法找個同義詞代替或找個相似句型代替,即使不能百分之百地表達原義,表達百分之八十哪怕百分之五十也可以,總比故意遺漏要點而白白丟分要好很多。

(2) 分清主次,不要眉毛胡子一把抓

一般來說,對于要點式的題型,同學們不會有什么問題,但若遇到圖表類的題型,則可能麻煩一些,因為它需要同學們根據圖表信息自己歸納要點。雖說遺漏要點導致文章內容不完整會扣分,但并不是說圖表中的所有內容都要表達出來。此時同學們一定要認真審題,分清哪些是寫作的主要內容,哪些是次要內容,不要眉毛胡子―把抓。原則上說,只要抓住圖表所顯示的主要內容,同時能做到文理通順、自圓其說,一般不會得低分。

(3) 抓直接要點,但也不要忽視常識性要點

具體寫作時,對卷面上的直接要點考生一般不會忽略,但試題中隱含的間接要點(尤其是一些常識性要點)則往往容易忽略。應該知道,試題中的某些常識性要點既是重要內容,又起著承上啟下的作用,對增強文章的可讀性很有好處。同學們在平時的復習中可將常見的常識性要點進行分類,實際寫作時有針對性地選擇使用,如寫通知、書信、參觀歡迎詞時的開頭語和結束語。有的應用文還需要固定的格式,如日記開頭常交待時間和天氣;信件要包括信頭、信內地址、稱呼、正文和結束語,還要有謙稱和簽名。同學們寫作時,應有意識地去使用這些格式要點,確保要點無一遺漏,從而“覆蓋所有內容要點”,取得最高檔次的得分。

 

 

 

 

 


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