高中英語(yǔ)句法大全----名詞性從句

名詞性從句
一.概念
   名詞性從句共有四種:主語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句

二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講
1． 主語(yǔ)從句：主語(yǔ)從句在整個(gè)句子中作主語(yǔ)。
(1)不同于其它的連詞，它不充當(dāng)句子的成分，只是單純的連接詞，通常不可以省略。分句置于句首時(shí)，that絕對(duì)不可以省略。
That the driver could not control his war was obvious.
It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.
(2)if 不能用在主語(yǔ)從句中，而是用whether
Whether he left (or not) is unknown
(3)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)，下面這個(gè)句型例外。
What we need is more time and money.
What we need are many more books.

2.表語(yǔ)從句：表語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在系動(dòng)詞后，充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)。
The trouble is that we are short of money.
 Go and get your coat. It’s where you left it.
(1) 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句除了上述三類詞外還有because, as if/ as though等等
 The reason (why/for which…..) is that ……
 It/This/That is because……
(2) 連系動(dòng)詞“appear, look, seem”的兩個(gè)常用句型
It seems/appears that….
It looks/seems as if/as though……(與事實(shí)相符用陳述語(yǔ)氣，與事實(shí)相反用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)
(3) as 也可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句
 Things are not always as they seem to be

3. 賓語(yǔ)從句：及物動(dòng)詞，形容詞和介詞后加賓語(yǔ)從句作其賓語(yǔ)。
(1) 賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)與主句相呼應(yīng)，但賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是客觀真理或普遍現(xiàn)象除外
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun
(2) 連詞whether和 if可以互換，但注意下列情況
連詞后緊跟or not時(shí)用whether
I want to know whether or not they will come.
作介詞賓語(yǔ)是用whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句
He was interested in whether he saw her there.
連接詞后直接加不定式，不能用if只能用whether
He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.
如果賓語(yǔ)從句是否定時(shí)，一般用if引導(dǎo)
I care if he will not attend the meeting.
(3) 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句后帶賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，要用“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it +賓補(bǔ)+that-clause,that不可省略
I think it certain that she will do well in her exam.
(4) 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是I, we ，主句用think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine五個(gè)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用否定轉(zhuǎn)移
I don’t think he will win the game, will he?
(5) that在賓語(yǔ)從句�？梢允÷�，但由and或 but連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，僅可以省略第一個(gè)連詞that
He said (that) he had eaten nothing but that he wasn’t hungry.
(6) 注意區(qū)別if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句
I don’t know if he will come.
If he comes, I’ll let you know.

4.同位語(yǔ)從句，在句中作某些名詞的同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)前面的名詞進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明。用在下列名詞 fact,news,idea,hope,believe,hope,thought,doubt.truth,order,suggestion, word etc.
(1) There is no doubt that he will come.
There is doubt whether he will come.
Word came that Napoleon would come to inspect them.
There is no possibility that….
(2) that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：
在同位語(yǔ)從句中：that不可以省略，不作成分;定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句作成分，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略
We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school.
We are interested in the news that he told us.
when, where引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：
在定語(yǔ)從句中，when, where前有分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的先行詞；而在同位語(yǔ)從句中無(wú)此對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系
They have no idea at all where he has gone.(同位語(yǔ)從句)
Go and get your coat. It’s in the place where you left it.(定語(yǔ)從句)

5. 疑問(wèn)詞-ever既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，而no matter+疑問(wèn)詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
No matter where I go, my heart is towards China.
I believer whatever he says.   Whatever he says, I will never believe him.
who與 whoever的區(qū)別
who是“誰(shuí)”的意思，表示具有疑問(wèn)，who相當(dāng)于anyone who“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”
Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
Can you tell me who that gentleman is?

6．當(dāng)名詞性從句缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞通常用what，它相當(dāng)于。另外，有時(shí)具有感嘆意義all that, anything that或 the thing(s) that
What we can’t get seems better than what we have.
Tom thought what a beautiful girl Mary was.

7.注意區(qū)分it 作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句
強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that, 去掉It is/was, that，句子仍然成立。
It is natural that they should have different views. 主語(yǔ)從句
It is only lately that he had had a family himself. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句
What was it that he wanted?   I don’t know what it was that he wanted.
It was in the hotel where he stayed that we discussed the serious problem

8.注意it 作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句和as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的不同
It is known to all that the earth is round.
As is known to all. the earth is round.                                        三.鞏固練習(xí)
1．____he does has nothing to do with me.
   A. whatever  B. No matter what  C. That  D. If
2.  The manager came over and asked the customer how____
   A. did the quarrel came about    B .the quarrel had come about
   C. had the quarrel come about    D. had the quarrel come about
3.  Energy is ____makes thing work..
   A. what B. something C. anything   D. that
4.  Information has been put  forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
   A. while B. that C. when D. as
5.  This is ___the shenzhou V Spaceship landed.
   A. there   B. in which   C. where   D. when
6.  They have no idea at all____.
   A. where he has gone        B. where did he go
C. which place has he gone   D. where has he gone
7.  The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.
   A.   that   B.  which   C. of which   D.  of that
8.  The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.
   A.  that ;had to leave   B.  that; should leave
   C.  /; must leave       D.  when; should leave
9.  ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.
   A. There; that   B. It; that   C. there; whether  D. It; whether
10. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research.
   A. that   B. which   C. whether   D. if
11. Is _____he said really true?
   A. that  B.  what  C. why   D. whether
12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.
   A. That  B. Whether  C. If   D. Where
13. It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.
   A. while   B. if     C. that  D. for
14. ¬¬¬_____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.
   A. Whether   B. This   C. who   D. If
15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.
   A. What  B. That   C. Whether   D. If
16. ____you don’t like him is none of my business.
   A. What  B. That    C. Who     D. How
17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.
   A. What; what  B. That; that   C. what; that  D. That ; what
18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.
   A. What      B. It         C. All that     D. That
19. It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer.
   A. believed   B.  think     C. say        D. hoped
20. ____caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
   A. What    B. That     C. How    D. Where
21. ____he always serves the people very well is known.
   A. What    B. That     C. Which   D. Who
22.____has passed the test will get a prize .
   A. Whoever    B. No mater who   C. Whomever  D. Who
23.Is____ true that the famous scientist will give us a lecture next week?
   A that      B it        C his     D he
24.It has not been decided ___ they will leave for New York.
   A. when    B why      C that     D what
25. Obviously___ we do morning exercises every day ___ us good.
   A. that do    B. if; do     C what; does  D. that; dose
26 It is said____ ____ was all ___ he said.
   A that; that; that  B what; what; what   C that; which; what  D that; that; which
27___ gets home first is to cook the supper.
   A. Who     B Whom   C. Those who   D. Whoever
28___ moved us most was___ he liked after the old man for more than twenty years.
   A. That; that   B. What; that   C What; what   D. That; what
29.___ you did it is not known to all.
  A. Who       B. What    C. How     D. Which
30.___ you do should be well done.
  A How       B. That     C. Whatever   D Why
31. The reason I plan to go is___ she will be disappointed if I don’t.
  A. because    B. that      C. thanks to   D. what
32. What time do you think__?
  A. will Tom come back     B. Tom will come back
  C. is Tom coming back     D. can Tom get here
33. The teacher said that light___ faster than sound.
  A. Has traveled  B. traveled  C. had traveled  D. travels
34..___ is still a question___ will win.
  A. It; that   B. It; who   C. That; who   D. This; that
35. If you know___ it was that write A Tale of Two Cities, raise your hand.
  A. whom   B. which    C. who   D. that
36. In some countries,___ are called “public schools” are not owned by the state.
  A. that     B. which    C. as    D. what
37. Thinking___ you know___ in fact you don’t is a terrible mistake.
  A. that; that   B. what; what   C. that; what   D. what that
38. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just___ worries the public.
  A. why       B. which      C. that      D. what
39. Why don’t you bring___ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?
  A. that     B. what    C. that     D. it
40.___ David says sounds right to Helen. That’s why she has made up her mind to leave with him___ happens.
  A. whatever; whatever                B. No matter what; whatever 
C. No matter what; No matter what     D. Whatever; however
41. That is___ I was born and grew up.
  A. There   B. in which   C. where    D. the place
42.___ she was invited to the ball made her very happy.
  A. What   B. That      C. When     D. Because
43.___ we are doing has never been done before.
  A. That   B. What      C. Which    D. Whether
44.---Have you found your book yet?
  ---No, I’m not sure___ I could have left it.
  A. whether  B. where    C. when    D. why
45. The doctor couldn’t answer the question___ the patient could survive that night.
  A. if      B. that      C. whether   D. what
46. I firmly believe___ he said at the meeting was right.
  A. that    B. which     C. that what  D. what that
47.---What were you trying to prove to the police?
  ---___ I was last night.
  A. That   B. When     C. Where    D. What
48. I think, though I could be mistaken, __ he liked me.
  A. who   B. which     C. that      D. what
49. At the meeting, we discussed___ we should employ more workers.
  A. if    B. whether    C. that      D. /
50. After___ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
  A. which  B. it       C. what      D. that
四.答案
1―5 ABABC  6―10 AABAC  11―15 BBCAB  16―20 BCBAA
21―25 BABAD  26―30 ADBCC 31―35 BBDBC  36―40 DCDDA
41―45 CBBBC  46―50 CCCBC