1.單詞重音：英語(yǔ)單詞由于音節(jié)的數(shù)量不一，就出現(xiàn)了讀起來(lái)有輕有重的現(xiàn) 象。一般地，每個(gè)單詞都有一 個(gè)音節(jié)是重讀的，稱重讀音節(jié)；其余的音節(jié)不重 讀，稱非重讀音節(jié)。但有的多音節(jié)詞，除了一個(gè)重讀音節(jié)之外 ，還有一個(gè)次重 讀音節(jié)。重讀音節(jié)的符號(hào)是："′"，次重讀音節(jié)的符號(hào)是："＠①"。單音節(jié) 必須重讀，不 標(biāo)符號(hào)。

例：name[neim] letter[′let＠②] information[＠①inf＠②′mei∫＠ ②n]

那么單詞重讀有無(wú)規(guī)則可循？回答是肯定的。單詞重讀的規(guī)則一般是：

①單音節(jié)詞均重讀。例：beg[beg]，put[put]

②雙音節(jié)詞一般第一個(gè)音節(jié)重讀。

例：doctor[′d＠③kt＠②] better[′bet＠②] apple[′aepl]但是如有 前綴a-,be-,re-, dis-, mis-, de-等雙音節(jié)詞，則第二個(gè)音節(jié)重讀。

例：about[＠②′baut]，again[＠②′gen]，address[＠②′dres]， beside[bi′said]，report[ri′p ＠③:t]，mistake[mis′teik]， decide[di′said]

另外，雙音節(jié)詞的合成詞，一般第一個(gè)音節(jié)重讀。例：blackboard[′blaekb ＠③:d]、homework[′h＠② umw＠②:k]但也有兩音節(jié)均重讀的：

′four′teen、′ un ′fair、′hel′lo、′up′stairs、 ′down′s tairs、 ′un′touched、 ′out′side、′Chi′nese、′nine′teen等。

③多音節(jié)詞一般是倒數(shù)第三個(gè)音節(jié)重讀。

例：wonderful[′wnd＠①ful]，immediately[i′mi:dj＠②tli]， interested[′intristid]

但雙音節(jié)詞加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成的多音節(jié)詞，仍按原來(lái)的詞根重音來(lái)讀。 例：con′ductor，′carefully，dis′cover，as′sistant等。

④-ic，-tion，-sion之前的音節(jié)要重讀。

例：′question，ope′ration，compo′sition，′topic，de ′cision。 為了幫助初三學(xué)生更好地記憶、朗讀單詞，正確地辨音，畢業(yè)復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)我把初 中全部單詞按重音歸納出來(lái)。 單音節(jié)詞一般本身就重讀。如：bag，desk等。 雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞一般重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上。 如：′presen t′vegetable 等�，F(xiàn)著重歸納出重音位置較特殊的單詞，這樣有利于學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)。實(shí)踐證明，效 果甚好。

（一）重音在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上的單詞：

about agree across already among

above address afraid again ago

along alone another around away

arrive Australia Australian America American

because before below become became

begin beginning behind beside between

banana computer Canadian conductor decide

develop dictation delicious December enjoyable

example exam except excuse expensive

eraser eleven enough forgetful forget

goodbye herself himself hooray important

instruction invent invention inventor idea

inside instead itself July Japan

machine museum November o'clock October

prefer produce polite politely policeman

potato perhaps receive result return

remember report September surprise tomato

tonight together Toronto toward tomorrow

today themselves unusual until unhappy

united without yourself yourselves

（二）兩個(gè)重讀音節(jié)的詞：OK fifteen fourteen thirteen sixteen seventeen eight een nineteen afternoon Chinese southeast southwest unlike northeast northwest outside untrue upstairs lordspeaker headmaster headteacher downstairs retell TV

（三）前有一個(gè)次重讀音節(jié)，后又有一個(gè)重讀音節(jié)的單詞：

Japanese understand understood operation ourselvespopulation education examination congrat ulation

2.句子重音：句子重音，即句子中某些單詞需要重讀。一般地，句中的名詞、 動(dòng)詞（助動(dòng)詞和be有時(shí)例外 ）、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞和感嘆詞需重讀；代詞（指 示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞例外）、介詞、冠詞和連詞不需要重讀 。

例：′This is a ′book. It's ′red. ′Sit′down. 動(dòng)詞be的各種形式均不重讀，但在句末出現(xiàn)時(shí)，一般要重讀。

Is ′that a′book?′Yes,it′is.

另外，be的否定形式一定重讀。′No,it′isn't. 單音節(jié)介詞一般不重讀，而雙音節(jié)介詞一般重讀。例：It's on the ′table. It's ′beside the ′tab le.

所有的句子是否都根據(jù)此規(guī)則去做就可以了呢？不行，還要根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)言 環(huán)境分析對(duì)待。如上句中使用 過(guò)的詞，下句中緊接著再出現(xiàn)而不強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，一般 不重讀。下面略舉幾例：

根據(jù)對(duì)話的情景，找出劃線部分一般重讀的單詞。

①―Do you speak English? ―No, I don't speak English.

A.No, I, speak B.don't, speak, English C.No, don't D.No, I, speak, English

解：根據(jù)一般規(guī)律，實(shí)詞重讀、虛詞不重讀。但從具體情況來(lái)看，speak， English均屬第二次出現(xiàn)的不再 傳達(dá)新信息的實(shí)詞，未被強(qiáng)調(diào)，不需重讀。故 排除A、B、D，答案C。

②―What does Xiao Li do? ―He is a teacher like me.

A.teacher, me B.teacher, like C.teacher, like, me D.teacher

解：按一般規(guī)則，人稱代詞不重讀。但從具體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境看，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或?qū)?比的單詞，無(wú)論實(shí)詞、虛詞均 重讀。故答案選A。

③―Tom didn't go to school yesterday, did he? ―No, he went to the hospital to see his mother.

A.No, went, hospital, see, mother B.mother, see C.went, see, mother D. No, went, see

析：根據(jù)一般規(guī)則和具體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境來(lái)看，應(yīng)選擇答案A。

三、語(yǔ)調(diào)：基本語(yǔ)調(diào)是降調(diào)和升調(diào)，其規(guī)則是：

陳述句、祈使句、感嘆句、特殊疑問(wèn)句均讀降調(diào)。

一般疑問(wèn)句讀升調(diào)。（語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn)的祈使句，特殊情況下的陳述句也讀升調(diào)。） 選擇疑問(wèn)句，前升后降（指or前后）。

反意問(wèn)句的陳述部分讀降調(diào)；疑問(wèn)部分，如表示懷疑或無(wú)把握讀升調(diào)，如有 把握讀降調(diào)。

例：Come＠④in. What's your＠④ name? Is that a ＠⑤ jeep? Don't do it ＠⑤ that way. We study ＠⑤ Chinese,＠⑤ maths ＠⑤ English and other ＠④lessons. 光知道這些規(guī)則不行，還須根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境靈活運(yùn)用。現(xiàn)舉例說(shuō)明之：

1.―Do they have a car?

―Pardon? (I beg your pardon?)

―I asked you if they have a car.

A.升、升、降 B.升、降、降

C.升、升、升 D.升、降、升

解：I beg your pardon.有兩種讀法：讀升調(diào)時(shí)，表示請(qǐng)對(duì)方再說(shuō)一遍；讀 降調(diào)時(shí)表示請(qǐng)對(duì)方原諒。從對(duì) 話的內(nèi)容和情景看，應(yīng)讀升調(diào)，故選A。

2.―Is your mother in?

―No, she went to New York yesterday.

―Where did she go?

A.降、升、降 B.降、降、升

C.升、降、升 D.升、降、降

解：一般地，特殊問(wèn)句應(yīng)讀降調(diào)，但從具體對(duì)話的情形看，答話人已說(shuō)出問(wèn) 話人所問(wèn)的具體地點(diǎn)，只是問(wèn) 話的人沒(méi)聽(tīng)清，想讓對(duì)方再說(shuō)一遍，所以此特殊 問(wèn)句應(yīng)讀升調(diào)。故選C。

3.―When did you get to know Lao Li?

―The year before last.

―Then you've known each other for about two years,haven't you?

A.升、降、降 B.降、降、降

C.升、升、降 D.降、降、升

解：反意問(wèn)句的讀法有兩種：當(dāng)提問(wèn)者無(wú)把握時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分讀升調(diào)；當(dāng)提問(wèn) 者確有把握時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分讀降 調(diào)。從此對(duì)話的情景看，回答者已說(shuō)出是前年認(rèn) 識(shí)的，自然提問(wèn)者可以有把握地推算出答者與老李相識(shí)兩年了 ，只是想讓對(duì)方 證實(shí)一下，故用降調(diào)。所以選B。

練習(xí)

一、從A、B、C、D中找出與前面所給單詞的斜體部分讀音相同的選項(xiàng)。

（）1.said A.explain B.rail

C.train D.again

（）2.danger A.ahead B.break

C.instead D.catch

（）3.soon A.foolish B.good

C.cook D.took

（）4.grandma A.rang B.wallet

C.able D.save

（）5.bank A.wonder B.unfair

C.angry D.disappointed

二、找出下面單詞斜體部分的讀音與其他三個(gè)不同的單詞：

（）1.A.matter B.danger C.camel D.bad

（）2.A.months B.baths C.mouths D.clothes

（）3.A.member B.never C.fever D.temple

（）4.A.tomb B.common C.model D.forest

（）5.A.train B.said C.raise D.tail

三、分辨每組單詞中斜體部分的讀音，在A、B、C、D中選擇答案，A.四單 詞有一種讀音B.二種讀音C.三種 讀音D.四種讀音 （）1. many famous chance carry

（）2. salt what report four

（）3. post move none hot

（）4. break cheap ready meat

（）5. says ways pays days

四、下面每組四個(gè)單詞中的斜體部分若有一個(gè)與所給音標(biāo)讀音相同的選A， 若有兩個(gè)選B，三個(gè)選C，四個(gè)選 D。

（）1.[i:] eat real cheat steam

（）2.[i:] tea head theatre freezeP>（）3.[i] capital ship captain mountain

（）4.[e] again said treasure afraid

（）5.[e] even ever message Wednesday

五、單詞配音：

六、把下列單詞按斜體部分的讀音歸類。（只填編號(hào)）

A.south B.dance C.light D.third

E.far F.down G.world H.shine

[α:]______ ______ [au]_______ ______

[＠②:]_______ ______ [ai]______ ______ 七、從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)重音位置與其它三個(gè)不同的單詞：

（）1.A.over B.even

C.musician D.quietly

（）2.A.excuse B.enjoy C.report D.unfair

（）3.A.headmaster B.shortcoming

C.because D.already

（）4.A.decide B.without

C.exercise D.prepare

（）5.A.against B.almost

C.apologize D.correctly

（）6.A.spirit B.seagull C.reply D.pyramid

（）7.A.wherever B.throughout

C.repeat D.hardly

（）8.A.really B.happen

C.frighten D.pronounce

（）9.A.modern B.foreign

C.receive D.famous

（）10.A.regret B.except

C.politics D.piano

（）11.A.excuse B.explain

C.enough D.problem

（）12.A.fascination B.alone

C.research D.asleep

（）13.A.heaven B.dustman

C.disappear D.medicine

（）14.A.liberation B.musician

C.educaion D.operation

八、在下列各組單詞中找出含有兩個(gè)重音的選項(xiàng)：

（）1.A.yourself B.volleyball

C.untouched D.Tuesday

（）2.A.topic B.outside

C.telegraph D.silent

（）3.A.restaurant B.November

C.museum D.nineteen

（）4.A.Chinese B.mixture

C.horrible D.animal

（）5.A.handwriting B.hello

C.boyhood D.assistant

九、根據(jù)對(duì)話情景，下面劃線部分中，哪些單詞一般重讀。

（）1.―Where did your brother study before he joined the army?

―He studied at the No.2 Middle School.

A.He, studied

B.studied, No.2 Middle School

C.No.2 Middle School D. He, at, the

（）2.―How long have you been here?

―I've been here for a few minutes.

A.few, minutes B.have, a few minutes

C.I've, minutes

D.here, for, few, minutes

（）3.―Is the ball on the table?

―No, it's under the table.

A.under, table B.table

C.No, under D.No,table

（）4.―Will you go with me to the park this afternoon?

―Yes, I will if I'm free.

A.Yes, if B.I, will

C.free, I'm D.Yes, free

（）5.―Why did you come to school late this morning?

―Because I had breakfast late.

A.Because, late B.had, breakfast

C.Because, had, breakfast, late

D.breakfast, late

十、指出下面每組對(duì)話中的三個(gè)句子一般情況下應(yīng)讀的語(yǔ)調(diào)。

（）1.―Excuse me, which is the way to the library?

―You are a new student, aren't you?

―Yes, I am.

A.升、升、降 B.降、升、升

C.降、降、降 D.降、升、降

（）2.―What beautiful flowers they are!

―Do you like them, too?

―Yes, I like them very much.

A.升、升、降 B.升、降、降

C.升、降、升 D.降、升、降

（）3.―What are they doing there?

―I don't know.

―Let's go and have a look, shall we?

A.降、降、降 B.降、降、升

C.升、降、升 D.升、升、降

（）4.―What can I do for you?

―Do you have "From Earth to Moon"?

―I'm afraid we haven't.

A.升、升、升 B.降、升、降

C.升、降、降 D.降、降、升

（）5.―Are you going to town by bike or by bus?

―By bus.

―When are you leaving?

A.降、升、升 B.升、升、降

C.降、降、降 D.升、降、升

Key:

一、1.D 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.C

二、1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B

三、1.D 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.B

四、1.C 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.C

五、1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.A

六、[α:]:B,E [au]:A,F [＠②:]:D,G [ai]:C,H

七、1.C 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.D 9.C

10.C 11.D 12.A 13.C 14.B

八、1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.B

九、1.C 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.C

十、1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C