1.be used for   用來做     2.light bulb   電燈泡   3.microwave oven   微波爐                

4.by mistake  錯(cuò)誤的      5.by accident偶然意外   6.fall into  落入                           

7.in this way這樣         8.knock into sb撞上某人  9.invent sth發(fā)明某物                       

be (was/were) invented by sb  被sb發(fā)明  the most helpful invention 最有用的發(fā)明 

10.be used for doing=be used to do sth  用來做某事     used to過去常常                       

 be used to doing sth習(xí)慣做某事  use up用光     the use of sth ...的用途                   

11.scoop ice cream舀冰淇淋         

12.shoes with adjustable heels 帶有可調(diào)整后跟的鞋    shoes with high heels      高跟鞋

13.battery--operated slippers/sneakers用電池操作的拖鞋  operate on sb給某人做手術(shù) operation手術(shù) 14.do sth by mistake 錯(cuò)誤的/巧合的做某事

make mistakes in sth在某方面犯錯(cuò)誤     15.sprinkle salt on sth把鹽撒在...上面         

16.an ancient Chinese legend  一個(gè)古老的中國(guó)傳說     ancient culture古文化

17.boil drinking water煮開水  18.produce sth制造某物    be produced被制造                    

19.pie plate餡餅盤子    flying disk飛碟                          

20.throw flying disk扔飛碟   throw sth扔某物    throw sth away把某物扔掉                     

   throw sth about到處亂扔    throw sth to sb扔給某人  throw sth at the dog朝...扔       

21.one hundred years=one century一百年一世紀(jì) early in the 21st century在21世紀(jì)初

22.including sth包括某事 23.create sth創(chuàng)造某物   24.be made from由...制成<不>               

   be made of由...制成<能>     25.on a hard wooden floor 在一個(gè)堅(jiān)硬的木制地板上

26.knock into sb撞上某人  knock at the door敲門 27.divide sth into把...分成...部分              

28.the aim of sth  ...的目標(biāo)   29.get/throw a ball into the basket 把球投入籃筐

a basket of apples一籃蘋果 30.a metal hoop一個(gè)金屬環(huán) 31.be shot被射死               

32.tour guide導(dǎo)游                    33.move/run towards  朝...方向移動(dòng)/跑       

34.a developping country一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家    a developped country一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家      

35.the popularity of   ...的流行        36.rise worldwide  引起全世界廣泛傳播 37.NBA=National Basketball Association國(guó)家籃球協(xié)會(huì)

38.equip sth with sth用...來裝備 39.in 1891在1891年 in the 1891s在19世紀(jì)90年代             

40.have a history class上一節(jié)歷史課     41.a friend of mine我的一個(gè)朋友            

42. some partners of mine我的一些伙伴     

43.play indoors在戶內(nèi)玩               44.create a game發(fā)明一種游戲             

45.the safety of  ...的安全              46.fall down跌倒                          

47.It's believed that人們相信           It's heard that  人們聽說                

   It's said that據(jù)說                  It's thought that  人們認(rèn)為               

48.travel around China游覽中國(guó)        49.since then自從那以后                    

50.notice sth注意..  51.the number of  ..的數(shù)目     a number of sth = many許多                  

52.dream about of doing sth夢(mèng)想做某事       

53.much-loved and active sport 深受人們喜愛的運(yùn)動(dòng) 

54.a doctor called/named…一個(gè)叫...的醫(yī)生    55.be born in /on出生于                    

56.the first basketball game in history歷史上第一場(chǎng)籃球賽  57.take park in參加       

58.in the dark在黑暗中                59.change the style of sth改變...的風(fēng)格          

60.from casual to dressy從休閑到正式   61.in a bad mood =be moody心情糟糕        

62.not...until直到...才 63.be discovered被發(fā)現(xiàn) 64.oven on open fire  在篝火上的爐                        

1. 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 

(1). 被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示句子的主語是謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作承受者。

   (2). 被動(dòng)語態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

(如果是不用物動(dòng)詞，其過去分詞應(yīng)帶有相應(yīng)的介詞)

   (3). 被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的be 是助動(dòng)詞，有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。

       一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)為：am/is/are+過去分詞

       一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)為：was/were+ 過去分詞

       一般將來時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)為:will/be going to be +pp

       現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)為：am/is /are +being+pp

       現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)為：have/has+been +pp.

       情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 過去分詞

   (4). 被動(dòng)語態(tài)中動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者或執(zhí)行者做介詞by的賓語，放在句末，by 表示“由，被”的意思

如何理解被動(dòng)語態(tài)？

 為取勝更清晰、更深刻地理解被動(dòng)語態(tài)的含義，可以將主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行比較。

 主動(dòng)語態(tài)： 主語+    謂語動(dòng)詞   +   賓語  + 其他成分

 被動(dòng)語態(tài)： 主語+  be +過去分詞 +  by +賓語   +其他成分

 如：      Many people  speak  English.

被動(dòng)語態(tài) English      is spoken   by many people.

2. 本單元要掌握的句型 見課本P69 中的Grammar Focus

3. invent v. 發(fā)明  inventor n. 發(fā)明家  invention n. 發(fā)明 inventive adj.

  The_________ has__________thousands of__________.He is _______________.

4. be used for doing用來做… 如：

   Pens are used for writing.筆是用來寫的 Pens aren’t used for eating. 筆不是用來吃的。

  be used to do sth. /be used to doing sth./be used as…/ be used by… /used to do sth.

5. 給某人某樣?xùn)|西

give sth. to sb.  如：I gave a pen to him. 我給他一支筆。

   give sb. sth.        I gave him a pen. 我給他一支筆。

6. operate v.  operation n.

   1）operate sth.   operate the machine

   2)operate on sb.   operate on her

   3)operation  have an operation on 接受手術(shù) in operation 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)著 操作中

    The machine is in operation.

7. salty  adj. 咸的  salt  n. 鹽

8. by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地 如：

  I took the umbrella by mistake. 我不小心拿錯(cuò)了雨傘。

9. make sb./sth. +形容詞 使…怎么樣  It made me happy. 它使我高興

  make sb./do. +動(dòng)詞  讓…做…     It made me laugh. 它讓我發(fā)笑

10. by accident 意外 偶然  I met her by accident at bus stop.

我在公共汽車站意外地見到了她。

11. not…until… 直到…才 … 如：

I didn’t go to bed until I finished my work.     我直到完成我的工作才去睡覺。

12. according to +名詞  根據(jù)… 如：    according to an legend

according to this article根據(jù)這篇文章      根據(jù)一個(gè)神話

13.sprinkle A on/onto/over B=sprinkle B with A  將…灑在…上

   Don’t sprinkle suger on a cake.=Don’t sprinkle a cake with suger.

14.remain v. 留下 被遺留 剩余 ，保持不變

   1)stay, stay at home

  2)remain + adj. His mind remains active though he is old.

  3)If you take 3 from 8,5 remains.

15. nearby adj. 附近的  如： the nearby river

16. fall into 落入 掉進(jìn) 如：The leaf fell into the river. 葉子落入了河里。fall down 摔倒  如：She fell down from her bike.

她從她自行車摔倒了。

17. quite 非常 adv.  與冠詞a連用時(shí)，冠詞a必須放在它的后面

             如：    quite a beautiful girl 一個(gè)漂亮的女孩

   very 非常 adv. 與冠詞a連用時(shí)，冠詞a必須放在它的前面

             如：    a very beautiful girl 一個(gè)漂亮女孩

    注：當(dāng)不與冠詞a 連用時(shí)，兩者可以互用 如：

        I am very happy.=== I am quite happy. 我非常高興。

18. in the way 這樣

19. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人發(fā)自內(nèi)心的欣慰和愉快

   pleasant adj. 愉快 高興 指天氣、時(shí)間、旅行令人高興愉快

   please v. 使高興 使同意

20. throw-threw ?thrown.

   1)throw sth to sb.=throw sb sth.2)throw away 扔掉 3)throw it like that

   4)throw sth at朝   扔   5)throw sth to sb.向某人拋  6)throw about到處亂扔

   7）throw oneself somewhere.臥倒在某地

21. in the sixth century 在第6世紀(jì)

22. travel around 周游

23. more than === over 超過 如：    more than 300 == over 300 超過300

24. including  prep. 介詞  包括  可以與名詞和動(dòng)名詞連用

   如: Six people, including a baby, were hurt.       6個(gè)人包括一個(gè)小孩受傷了。

25. have been played 被上演   是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

   現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)：have /has been +過去分詞

26. develop v.（使）發(fā)展，（使）成長(zhǎng)，（使）發(fā)達(dá)

   Doing sports can develop our health

 a developed country.  A developing country.

27. safety n. 安全 safe adj. 安全的

28. knock into 撞上(某人)

29. divide sth. into … 將…劃分成..

通常指將一個(gè)整體分成幾個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)相對(duì)的部分 如：

Let’s divide ourselves into 4groups. 讓我們把我們自己劃成4組。

30. since then 自從那以后  常與完成時(shí) 態(tài)連用 如：

    Since then, I have left Beijing. 自從那以后，我已經(jīng)離開了北京。

31．towards   prep.1）向往  朝著…方向

He noticed two policemen coming towards him.

2)His attitude towards his work has always been positive.