閱讀理解

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　The chances are that you made up your mind about smoking a long time agoand decided it's not for you.

　　The chances are equally good that you know a lot of smokers there are, after all about 60 million of them, work with them, play with them, and get along with them very well.

　　And finally it's a pretty safe bet that you're open-minded and interested in all the various issues about smokers and non-smokers or you wouldn't be reading this.

　　And those three things make you really important today.

　　Because they mean that yours is the voice not the smoker's, and not the anti-smoker's that will determine how much of society's efforts should go into building walls that separate us and how much into the search for solutions that bring us together.

　　For one sad result of the emphasis (強(qiáng)調(diào)) on building walls is the different uses of millions of dollars from scientific research on the causes and cures of diseases which, when all is said and done, still strike the non-smoker as well as the smoker.

　　One famous health organization to cite (引用) but a single instance, now spends 98 cents of every publicly-contributed dollar on “education”, much of it in anti-smoking propaganda (宣傳) and only 2 cents on research.

　　There will always be some who want to build walls, who want to separate people from people and to a certain degree, even these may serve society. The anti-smoking wall-builders have, fairly speaking, helped to know choices more clearly.

　　But our guess, and certainly our hope, is that you are among the far greater number who know that walls can't stand long, and over the long run, we can serve society's interests better by tolerating one another and by working together.

　　Whatever advantage walls may have, they can never move our society toward fundamental solutions. People who work together on common problems, common solutions can.

1．What is the implied meaning of the word “wall” in the passage?

[　　]

A．Diseases striking nonsmokers as well as smokers.

B．Rules to forbid smoking.

C．Separation of smokers from nonsmokers.

D．Anti-smoking propaganda.

2．Which of the following statements is true about the millions of publicly-contributed dollars from scientific research on the causes and cures of diseases striking non-smokers as well as smokers?

[　　]

A．It emphasizes on building walls.

B．It is too much on “education”.

C．It is enough on research.

D．It is a sad result.

3．From the passage we can infer that ________.

[　　]

A．the majority of the adults are non-smokers

B．many walls will be built to separate the smokers and nonsmokers

C．smoking as a social problem has long been discussed, argued and researched

D．most of the adults (grown - ups) are in favour of smoking

4．According to the ending paragraph, the writer looks on anti-smoking wall-buiders ________.

[　　]

    It is impossible not to make a mistake at some point of your life．We may as well accept that something will go wrong and we will be to blame．It is therefore sensible to work out some plans for apologizing，and the best way to apologize is by letter．This way you can take care over every word you write－which you can’t do if you say sorry to someone in person．

  We all say or do something that we wish we hadn’t said or done．You may say something that accidentally hurts someone，or you may provide a service which doesn’t come up to the standards that a cheat or customer expected．

    You may feel that it was a mistake which couldn’t be avoided．Rather than dwell on the mistake．you should quickly try to remedy(補(bǔ)救)the problem．An effective letter of apology is an important part of that process．

    For the content of the letter，just remember TABS---Timing，Action，Brevity，Sincerity．

    The timing of a letter of apology is crucial一it must be sent as soon as possible．Any delay in sending the letter will only compound the problem．In this case．“better late than never”is not the best motto!The longer you wait before writing a letter of apology．the more it will seem that you have been forced into writing it．

    Although it is important to recognize what has gone before，it is also necessary to detail the action you plan to take to rectify whatever it was you did wrong．Research has shown that some indication that you have thought about what future action you plan to take is always well received．

    A  letter of apology should be brief and the word “sorry” should appear no more than twice．Indicate that you are aware you are using it a second time “once again，I’m so sorry for” or “as I said early，I’m so sorry about” Finally，the tone of the letter has to be sincere．In fact，all the above factors will help in this respect．

    And don’t think that letters are out of date in the Email-oriented 21^st century．An apology email can be worse than no apology at all !

53．What kind of advice does the text suggest about apologizing?

A．It’s a good idea to write a letter of apology as soon as something goes wrong．

B．It’s a good idea to sends several emails to apologize and show that you mean it．

C．Write a long letter apologizing several times to make your point．

D．Wait to see how they react to your letter before planning to do anything

54．What kind of things do you NOT apologize for ?

    A．Services that are not as good as they should be．    B．Genuine mistakes．

    C．Car accidents．                                                   D．Causing anger or hurt．

55．According to the writer，you should not         after you have made a mistake．

  A．waste time worrying about what happened      B．write an effective letter of apology

  C．a(chǎn)void what happened                                     D．recognize what has gone before

56．The underlined word “rectify” means              ．

  A．to put right        B．to improve       C．to put aside     D．to apologize

When I was a child, our dining room had two kinds of chairs—two large ones with arm rests and four small ones without. The larger ones stood at the ends of the table, the smaller ones on the sides. Mom and Dad sat in the big chairs, except when one of us was away; then Mom would sit in one of the smaller chairs. Dad always sat at the end, at the “head” of the table. Sitting where he did, Dad was framed by the window through which the yard could be seen with its trees and grass. His chair was not just a place for him at the table; it was a place in which he was situated against the yard and trees. It was the holy （神圣的） and protected place that was his, and ours through him.

After Dad retired, he and Mom moved out into a small flat. When they came to visit me at their old house, Dad still sat at the end of the table though the table was no longer his but mine. Only with my marriage to Barbara, did I hear a voice questioning the arrangement. She requested, gently but firmly, that I sit at the head of the table in our home. I realized then that I was head of the family, but I also felt unwilling to introduce such a change. How would I feel sitting in that “head” place in my Dad’s presence? And how would he handle it? I was to find out on the occasion of our youngest child’s first birthday.

Mom and Dad arrived for lunch, and went into the dining room. Dad moved toward his usual seat in front of the window. Before he could get around the side of the table, I took a deep breath and said, “Dad, this is going to be your place, next to Mom, on the side.” He stopped, looked at me and then sat down. I felt sad, and angry at Barbara for pushing me to do this. It would have been easy to say, “My mistake, Dad. Sit where you always sit.” But I didn’t.

When he and Mom were seated, Barbara and I took our places. I don’t know how Dad felt. I do know that, though removed from his usual place, he continued to share his best self with us, telling stories of his childhood and youth to the delight of his grandchildren. As I served the food, our lives experienced a change, which we continue to live with.

It wasn’t easy, but I sense that there is also something good in the change which has occurred. I am beginning to learn that “honoring one’s father” is more than the question of which place to occupy at the dining table. It also means listening, wherever we sit and whatever positions we own, to the stories Dad longs to tell. We may then, during these magical moments, even be able to forget about whose chair is whose.

1．Where did the writer’s mother sit when one of the children was away?

    A．She didn’t change her chair.

    B．She moved her own chair next Dad’s.

    C．She moved to an empty chair on the side.

    D．She sat opposite to Dad.

2．How did the writer feel when he told his father to sit on the side?

    A．He didn’t feel bad because his father was going to sit there anyway.

    B．He felt happy at having carried out the difficult task.

    C．He was thoroughly satisfied with the new seating arrangement.

    D．He regretted what he had done and wanted to blame his wife.

3．What happened during the meal after the family had all taken their new seats?

    A．The writer’s children removed their grandfather from his usual place.

    B．The writer’s father didn’t appear to mind where he sat.

    C．The writer’s father shared his favorite dishes with the grandchildren.

    D．They became tense and nervous about their future as a family.

4．What did the writer learn about “honoring one’s father”?

    A．Fathers always long to tell stories about their early years.

    B．Providing the right chair is the only way to honor one’s father.

    C．Respect for one’s father doesn’t depend only on where he sits.

    D．The family should dine together at the same table as often as possible.