解:(1)
-
+
,
=(
+
)-
,
=1-
,
=
;
(2)
+
-
,
=
-
+
,
=0+
,
=
;
(3)
+
-
,
=
-
+
,
=
+
,
=
;
(4)
+
+
,
=(
+
)+
,
=1+
,
=1
;
(5)
+
+
,
=
+
,
=
,
=1
;
(6)1-
-
,
=
-
,
=
;
(7)
-
-
,
=
-
,
=
;
(8)
-(
+
),
=
-
,
=
;
(9)
-
-
,
=
-(
+
),
=
-1,
=
;
(10)
-
-
,
=
-
-
,
=1-
,
=
;
(11)
-
-
,
=
-
,
=
;
(12)0.4+
=
.
分析:本題根據(jù)分數(shù)加減法的運算法則及運算順序計算即可,能簡算的要簡算.
(1)根據(jù)加法的交換律進行計算,先算
+
,再算減法,
(2)運用加法的交換律先算
-
,再算加法,
(3)運用加法的交換律先算
-
,再算加法,
(4)運用加法的交換律、結(jié)合律進行簡算,
(5)先通分,分母都化成以10為分母的分數(shù),再根據(jù)同分母分數(shù)的計算法則進行加法運算,
(6)先通分,再根據(jù)同分母分數(shù)的計算法則進行減法運算,
(7)先通分,再根據(jù)同分母分數(shù)的計算法則進行減法運算,
(8)先通分,先算括號里的加法,再算減法,
(9)根據(jù)減法的運算定律進行簡算,
(10)先算
-
,再減去
即可,
(11)先通分,再從左向右進行計算即可,
(12)把小數(shù)化成分數(shù),再通分進行計算即可.
點評:此題考查了分數(shù)加減乘除法的運算法則.