Question

【題目】 In England, people used to stand on the right of escalators(扶梯), allowing others to walk on the left. But there is some change to this rule. People can stand on both sides of escalators at Holborn station. As one of the busiest stations of London Underground, Holborn was the first station in the country to ask travelers to stand on both the right and left sides of escalators. A test was carried out first. The test which lasted for three weeks showed that standing on both sides actually reduced(減少)congestion by 30 percent—16 , 220 people an hour are able to travel on the escalator during rush hours compared to the usual 12 ,745 when both standing and walking are allowed.

Transport for London (TfL) hopes the new standing rule will make the most of wasted space on longer escalators, where most people choose to wait on the right. London Underground Operation director Peter McNaught said, Few customers choose to walk on longer escalators such as at Holborn, so much of the left-hand side is unused. We hope that this can lead to reduced congestion at Holborn and make journeys easier for all of our customers.”

【1】In England, people used to walk .

A.on the right of escalatorsB.on the left of escalators

C.in the middle of escalatorsD.at the foot of escalators

【2】.How long did the test last?

A.For three weeks.B.For four weeks

C.For two months.D.For one month.

【3】London Underground Operation director Peter McNaught encouraged people to .

A.stand on both sidesB.stand on the left

C.stay at home oftenD.take the underground less

【4】What does the underlined word " congestion"mean in Chinese?

A.事故B.人數(shù)C.擁堵D.班次

【5】What does the passage mainly tell us?

A.The traffic in England.B.London Underground Operation director.

C.The number of people on escalators.D.New underground escalator rule in England.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】A

【3】A

【4】C

【5】D

【解析】

在英國(guó)，人們習(xí)慣站在扶梯的右側(cè)，然后讓其他人在左側(cè)通行。但是在霍爾本站特殊，要求兩側(cè)站著。因?yàn)閷?shí)驗(yàn)顯示兩側(cè)站立能夠降低擁堵30%。倫敦交通建議采取兩側(cè)站立來提高扶梯的使用率，從而減少擁擠。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)In England, people used to stand on the right of escalators, allowing others to walk on the left.可知在英國(guó)，人們習(xí)慣站在扶梯的右側(cè)，左側(cè)行走。故選B。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The test which lasted for three weeks showed…可知這是個(gè)為期三周的實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選A。

【3】推理判斷題。最后一段中We hope that this can lead to reduced congestion at Holborn and make journeys easier for all of our customers. this指代的是“扶梯雙側(cè)站立”，因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)文章內(nèi)容可知雙側(cè)站立可以減少擁擠。故選A。

【4】詞義猜測(cè)題。破折號(hào)后面16 , 220 people an hour are able to travel on the escalator during rush hours compared to the usual 12 ,745 when both standing and walking are allowed.是對(duì)前一句話的解釋說明。根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容可單側(cè)站立單側(cè)行走時(shí)能通過12745個(gè)人，而兩側(cè)站立一小時(shí)能通過16220人，可推測(cè)這種做法有效的減少了擁堵。故選C。

【5】主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了倫敦的一項(xiàng)扶梯雙側(cè)站立的辦法，這項(xiàng)辦法能夠有效降低擁堵。故選D。

做閱讀理解的第一步就是要通讀題干。注意審題，關(guān)注語境，根據(jù)上下文推斷。例如4小題屬于詞義猜測(cè)題，這道題的解題就要聯(lián)系上下文。

梳理文章脈絡(luò)能夠幫助學(xué)生盡快了解文章主旨大意。不同類型的閱讀材料，往往依據(jù)不同結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行寫作。然后要注意內(nèi)容上的連貫性。

一篇文章動(dòng)輒運(yùn)用一兩千的詞匯，尤其是科普性文章中，包含了大量的生僻學(xué)術(shù)語，答題者不可能全部了解。因此，學(xué)會(huì)通過上下文之間的聯(lián)系進(jìn)行猜詞，是十分必要的。猜詞也要有選擇性的進(jìn)行，學(xué)生沒有必要遇到不會(huì)的詞語就暫停閱讀，花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間猜測(cè)。首先，可以進(jìn)行詞性分析，結(jié)合該詞在句子中的位置確定詞性。對(duì)于那些命名詞（例如科普文章中的一些學(xué)術(shù)名詞）和修飾作用的形容詞、副詞，可以根據(jù)情況忽略。重點(diǎn)猜測(cè)有實(shí)際意義的動(dòng)詞。