【題目】2016年6月25日20時00分07秒,長征七號運載火箭從海南文昌航天發(fā)射中心首次發(fā)射,成功將載荷送入預定軌道,任務取得圓滿成功。如圖所示,長征七號多級火箭發(fā)射時,第一級火箭點火后,使衛(wèi)星向上勻加速運動的加速度為50 m/s2,燃燒30 s后第一級脫離,第二級火箭沒有馬上點火,所以衛(wèi)星向上做加速度為10 m/s2的勻減速運動,10 s后第二級火箭啟動,衛(wèi)星向上的加速度為80 m/s2,這樣經(jīng)過1分半鐘第二級火箭脫離時,衛(wèi)星的速度多大?

請你用v-t圖象描述這一過程。

【答案】8 600 m/s;如圖所示

【解析】整個過程中衛(wèi)星的運動不是勻變速直線運動,但可以分為三個勻變速直線運動處理。

第一級火箭燃燒完畢時的速度

v1=a1t1=50×30 m/s=1 500 m/s

減速上升10 s后的速度

v2=v1-a2t2=1500 m/s-10×10 m/s=1 400 m/s

第二級火箭熄火時的速度

v3=v2+a3t3=1 400 m/s+80×90 m/s=8 600 m/s。

“v-t”圖象如圖所示

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